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The 1990 Cargese Summer Institute on ZO-Physics was organized by
the Univer- site Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. Levy and J.-L.
Basdevant), CERN (M. Jacob), the Universite Catholique de Louvain
(D. Speiser and J. Weyers), and the Katholieke Universiteit te
Leuven (R. Gastmans), which, since 1975, have joined their efforts
and worked in common. It was the ninth Summer Institute on High
Energy Physics orga- nized jointly at Cargese by these three
universities. Because of the start-up of LEP in the summer of 1989,
we broke with our tradition of having our Summer Institutes in the
odd years. Indeed, it seemed to us that the many new data from LEP
had to be presented in detail as soon as possible in order to
prepare the young researchers in particle physics better for the
experimental results with which they will be confronted in the
coming years. The main theme of the school was therefore
ZO-physics, with particular emphasis on the way the experiments at
LEP are analyzed. We had one lecturer from each LEP experiment:
they agreed among each other to present different topics in e+e-
physics. Nevertheless, they made sure that all the major topics
were discussed and that the results could be critically compared.
The Summer Institute on High Energy Physics was the second of this
kind organized at Louvain. Four years ago we had already decided to
organize a Summer Institute. The first one was con- ceived in 1970,
at Kiev, by D. Speiser, J. Weyers, and G. Zweig, and thanks to a
NATO grant took place from August 20th to Septem- ber 15th 1971, at
Louvain in the Groot Begijnhof. All lectures were directed toward
one subject: duality. The lecturers were R. Brout (ULB -
Bruxelles), D. Fairlie (University of Durham), F. Gilman (SLAC -
Stanford), D. Horn (University of Tel Aviv), J. Mandula (Caltech -
Pasadena), C. Michael (CERN - Geneva), J. Rosner (University of
Minnesota), C. Schmidt (CERN - Geneva), J. Veneziano (The Weizmann
Institute), J. Weyers (UCL - Louvain and CERN - Geneva), and G.
Zweig (Caltech - Pasadena). The direc- tion was in the hands of F.
Cerulus (KUL - Louvain), R. Rodenberg (Technische Hochschule,
Aachen), D. Speiser (UCL - Louvain), and J. Weyers (CERN - Geneva).
Unfortunately it was not possible to publish the lecture notes for
that Institute. The second Summer Institute on Elementary Particle
Physics took place from August 12th to August 25th 1973, again in
Louvain. It was initiated in Chicago, in 1972, by F. Halzen
(University of Wisconsin) and J. Weyers (UCL - Louvain and CERN -
Geneva). Lecturers included R. Carlitz (University of Chicago), F.
Gilman (SLAC - Stanford), F. Halzen (University of Wisconsin), D.
The 1981 Cargese Summer Institute on Fundamental Interactions was
organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. LEVY
and J-L. BASDEVANT), CERN (M. JACOB), the Universite Catholique de
Louvain (D. SPEISER and J. WEYERS), and the Kotholieke Universiteit
te Leuven (R. GASTMANS), which, since 1975 have joined their
efforts and worked in common. It was the 24th Summer Institute held
at Cargese and the 8th one organized by the two institutes of
theoretical physics at Leuven and Louvain-Ia-Neuve. The 1985 school
was centered around two main themes : the standard model of the
fundamental interactions (and beyond) and astrophysics. The
remarkable advances in the theoretical understanding and
experimental confirmation of the standard model were reviewed in
several lectures where the reader will find a thorough analysis of
recent experiments as well as a detailed comparaison of the
standard model with experiment. On a more theoretical side,
supersymmetry, supergravity and strings were discussed as well. The
second theme concerns astrophysics where the school was quite
successful in bridging the gap between this fascinating subject and
more conventional particle physics. We owe many thanks to all those
who have made this Summer Institute possible ! Thanks are due to
the Scientific Committee of NATO and its President and to the
"Region Corse" for a generous grant. .. We wish to thank Miss M-F.
HANSELER, Mrs ALRIFRAI, Mr and Mrs ARIANO, and Mr BERNIA and all
others from Paris, Leuven, Louvain-la-Neuve and especially Cargese
for their collaboration.
The 1979 Cargese Summer Institute on Quarks and Leptons was
organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. LEVY
and J.-L. BASDEVANT), CERN (M. JACOB), the Universite Catholi~ue de
Louvain (D. SPEISER and J. WEYERS), and the Katholieke Universiteit
te Leuven (R. GASTMANS), who, like in 1975 and 1977, had joined
their efforts and worked in common. It was the 20th Summer
Institute held at Cargese and the 5th one organized by the two
institutes of theoretical physics at Leuven and Louvain-la- Neuve.
This time, the school was dominated by the impressive advances
which were made in the field of perturbative ~uantum chromodyna-
mics and its applications to high energy phenomena involving
strongly interacting particles. The unification of weak and
electromagnetic interactions being well established, a new picture
in particle physics emerges wherein a possible unification of weak,
electromagnetic, and strong forces is put forward. Its conse~uences
were also discussed in detail. Finally, to complete the picture of
the present status of high energy physics, experi- mentalists from
the major laboratories around the world reported on the latest
developments in electron-positron scattering, neutrino induced
reactions, and hadron collisions. We owe many thanks to all those
who have made this Summer Institute possible! Thanks are due to the
Scientific Committee of NATO and its President for a generous grant
and especially to the head of the Scientific Affairs Division, Dr.
M. DI LULLO for his constant help and encouragements.
The 1983 Cargese Summer Institute on Particles and Fields was
organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. LEVY
and J.-L. BASDEVANT), C.E.R.N. (M. JACOB), the Universite
Catholique de Louvain (D. SPEISER and J. WEYERS), and the
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (R. GASTMANS). After 1975, 1977,
1979, and 1981, it was the fifth time they joined their efforts for
organizing this Summer Insti- tute. This school was characterized
by simultaneous progress in the theory of elementary particles and
by impressive experimental advances. On the theoretical front, one
witnessed the new developments in lattice gauge theories, which
explore the world of strongly interacting par- ticles in a
non-perturbative way, and progress in a better understan- ding of
the unity of all interactions based on supersymmetry. The
experimentalists were ~roud to announce the discovery of the
interme- diate vector bosons; W- and ZO, at C.E.R.N., while
physicists working with e+e- colliding beams continued to probe
more deeply the validity of the theoretical models of strong, weak
and electromagnetic inter- actions. We owe many thanks to all those
who have made this Summer Insti- tute possible! Thanks are due to
the Scientific Committee of NATO and its Presi- dent for a generous
grant and especially to the head of the Advanced Study Institute
Program and his collaborators for their constant help and
encouragement. We also thank the National Science Foundation (USA)
for their financial assistance.
The 1990 Cargese Summer Institute on ZO-Physics was organized by
the Univer- site Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. Levy and J.-L.
Basdevant), CERN (M. Jacob), the Universite Catholique de Louvain
(D. Speiser and J. Weyers), and the Katholieke Universiteit te
Leuven (R. Gastmans), which, since 1975, have joined their efforts
and worked in common. It was the ninth Summer Institute on High
Energy Physics orga- nized jointly at Cargese by these three
universities. Because of the start-up of LEP in the summer of 1989,
we broke with our tradition of having our Summer Institutes in the
odd years. Indeed, it seemed to us that the many new data from LEP
had to be presented in detail as soon as possible in order to
prepare the young researchers in particle physics better for the
experimental results with which they will be confronted in the
coming years. The main theme of the school was therefore
ZO-physics, with particular emphasis on the way the experiments at
LEP are analyzed. We had one lecturer from each LEP experiment:
they agreed among each other to present different topics in e+e-
physics. Nevertheless, they made sure that all the major topics
were discussed and that the results could be critically compared.
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