This book comprises over one thousand entries and has been written by an international team of more than three hundred contributors to provide a comprehensive guide to both the manifest and hidden dimensions of tourism. The Encyclopedia explicates and explores the wide range of basic definitions, concepts, perspectives and institutions embraced by tourism, and consolidates research carried out in the field to date. Reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of academic exploration within Tourism, the entries embrace areas of study such as Anthropology, Economics, Education, Geography, History, Management, Marketing, Political Science and Psychology, among others.

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Few would deny that tourism is one of the defining phenomena of our age. It has a significant, and growing, impact on a wide range of issues such as the environment, leisure, and transport, and in fewer than three hundred years tourism has come to be a global service industry of great economic, cultural, and political importance.
Published to critical acclaim, "The Encyclopedia of Tourism"--now available as a Routledge World Reference title--is the definitive one-volume reference source to this challenging multisectoral industry and multi-disciplinary field of study. This book comprises over one thousand entries and has been written by an international team of more than three hundred contributors to provide a comprehensive guide to both the manifest and hidden dimensions of tourism. The encyclopedia explicates and explores the wide range of basic definitions, concepts, perspectives, and institutions embraced by tourism, and consolidates research carried out in the field to date. Reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of academic exploration within tourism, the entries embrace areas of study such as Anthropology, Economics, Education, Geography, History, Management, Marketing, Political Science, and Psychology, among others.

The movement of Asian citizens across continents now occurs on an unprecedented scale, with a surge in Asian tourists now visiting Europe, North America, Africa and Oceania. Tourists from China, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and to a lesser extent Korea and Japan are meeting the citizens of cultures they had previously only been able to read about or view from afar. This book seeks to understand the experiences of, and reactions to, Asian tourists travelling out of Asia.Questions about Asian tourist contact with unfamiliar countries and cultures will be addressed. What are the interests of Asian tourists and what drives these interests? What impacts are they having on host communities, both in terms of the provision and co-creation of desired experiences and in the human dimensions of social contact? The volume addresses fresh implications for marketing, planning and policy which these tourist markets pose for good governance. This book confronts the limitations of our understanding of how to manage the tourist experience when that understanding has been built almost entirely on the behaviours and travels of western tourists.

The theme of this book is the phenomenon of tourism and knowledge construction in tourism. Adopting a broad understanding of the paradigmatic field of tourism as the evolution and relationship between established and emergent schools of thought, this book explores the dynamics between tourism knowledge and the phenomenal world of tourism. It addresses contemporary epistemological debates and examines what constitutes tourism knowledge and how tourism knowledge is acquired. Issues examined in the chapters of this volume include: the nature and conceptualization of paradigms; the historical evolution of tourism knowledge production; embodiment, positionality and situated knowledges; paradigmatic proposals such as critical theory, feminism, humanism, cosmopolitanism, post-political theory and constructivism; a critical exploration of the power relations, contradictions and fragmentation in tourism research; ontologies and conceptualization of tourism and the tourist. This volume invites a critical evaluation and discussion of the anchorage of tourism as a knowledge domain and of tourism as science.

This volume examines and contrasts different perspectives on and approaches to the geography of tourism from across European regions and language traditions. Authors have critiqued the dominance of Anglo Saxon voices in research on tourism geographies - not just in linguistic terms - but also in relation to the framing and theorizing of space, place and tourism appearing largely based on Anglo-Saxon research contexts. This is a tendency observed across the whole spectrum of research in human geography. In an attempt to redress this imbalance, nine internationally renowned contributors from across Europe share their knowledge and experiences of research and scholarship in their respective regional contexts, plus an overview chapter is provided by C. Michael Hall, editor of the journal Tourism Geographies. This volume aims to: map out the past and present of the tourism geographies sub-discipline within - and more importantly - beyond the English language contributions learn from the historical trajectories as well as experiences of tourism geographers working in different cultural and linguistic contexts.

This volume continues the tradition established by Nash in "The Study of Tourism Anthropological and Sociological Beginnings" (2005) previously published in this series. A significant number of the founding scholars whose work has defined and provided a platform for psychology and marketing studies in tourism contribute their reflective accounts on their initial work. They also locate the initial work they conducted within the milieu in which it was created and link the early work to contemporary concerns both of their own undertaking and more broadly. This is the only publication to collate views on the development of tourism study by all these historically important tourism scholars and provides a unique insight into how the context in which tourism scholars' work influences the studies they undertake. From the renowned "Tourism Social Science Series", it systematically and cumulatively contributes to the formation, embodiment, and advancement of knowledge in the field of tourism. This is a valuable piece of tourism literature for all in the areas of advanced marketing and applied psychology, philosophy of education, social science analysis, tourism marketing research and management.

"The Discovery of Tourism Economics", presents the personal histories of some of the world's leading tourism economists, many of whom pioneered the field. This book is a unique collection of personal experiences and is a literary celebration of the global community of economic scholars - current and future - working in tourism. The study of tourism economics is a global phenomenon and this book provides a culturally and geographically diverse set of autobiographies. These stories reveal the wide range of personalities, passions, and peculiarities behind the authors' choice of tourism as a specialization and answer questions like: How did your interest in tourism develop? Was there a particular person who influenced your career choices? What are the joys and frustrations of working as a tourism economist? What do you consider to be some of your most significant accomplishments? The tales of these successful and respected scholars provide students with insights into how careers in tourism economics emerge and evolve, revealing the unexpected opportunities, challenges, rewards, and idiosyncrasies of the careers of scholars who have become recognized leaders in their field.

Broadly speaking, academic tourism research comes in two main shapes - why and how to. Both traditions seem unable to ever meet and their trajectory reminds of scissors agape. Tourism research, it is argued in this book, finds itself in a serious scissors crisis. Accordingly, the text reflects on how the crisis came about and looks at its effect on the real world. It explores how, within the limited realm of tourism behavior, the scissors crisis mirrors the post-romantic elan that since the 1960s has engulfed most social sciences in a blietzkrieg that was as harmful in its rejection of a modern market economy as it was shallow in theoretical views. From this point on, the book maintains a number of contrarian views that run against the grain of conventional academic wisdom. It highlights how the post-romantic worldview (mis)construes the global tourist system. In conclusion, the book favors a complete about turn in hypotheses and analytical tools to gap the yawning scissor crisis and to make tourism research more accountable to developments in the real world.

"Tourism in the Muslim World" provides a synthesis of thought on an influential current issue for tourism and indeed for our times, and a point of focus for tourism researchers, managers and developers in countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Egypt, Maldives and Turkey, as well as the Western world, eager to increase their share in this 1.5 billion strong tourist market. Its chapters raise conceptual, practical, and thought-provoking issues for the wider tourism community as it deals with the growth of new markets and destinations in a globalized economy. This collection of culturally and geographically diverse papers feature both Muslim and non-Muslim (country) insights on this international theme. It draws on contributions from a variety of disciplinary perspectives such as law, theology, business, tourism development, sociology, anthropology, and more. "Tourism in the Muslim World" is the second title in Emerald's new book series "Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice" and will appeal to researchers and research students in the social science and management disciplines, as well as to tourism and hospitality professionals with an interest in the Muslim market.

Identity Tourism: Imaging and Imagining the Nation examines the role of tourism in the construction of national identity. To ???imagine??? a nation, nationalists must construct a national ???story??? about their history and culture that defines them as a people, and counters the negative story circulated by their enemies. One of the objectives of this book is to identify the necessary historical and cultural components of a compelling national story. Yet a story is of no use unless it is heard, so nationalists need media through which the national narrative can be told. The principal objective of this book is to show that ???identity tourism??? is a medium that can be used to tell the national story, both to group members and outsiders. As such, it is particularly useful in the construction of a sense of national identity. Identity tourism, which incorporates both ethnic and heritage tourism, includes museums, heritage centers, performances, and other attractions in which collective identities are represented, interpreted, and potentially constructed through the use of history and culture.
One of the strengths of tourism is that it can convey a message to a broad, mass audience, and it can present that message in a vivid and lively way. A weakness of tourism is that ???vivid and lively??? presentations can degenerate into trivializing history, culture and politics to the point that any meaningful message is lost. Thus one of the main challenges in identity tourism is to balance educational goals against the entertainment imperatives of the medium. This book explores these and other issues using observational and interview data primarily from Wales, where nationalism, identity andtourism have long been heatedly contested. A comparative perspective is provided through the use of secondary case studies examining Native American tourism in the United States and Canada, and tourism in Brittany and South Africa.

In western society it is taken for granted that tourism is a necessary element of contemporary lifestyle, but while many people recognize its importance, they are usually more concerned with its contribution to the economy than with its social, cultural, and political significance. As a social action, tourism is at least partly based on the appeal of distance in time, space, and culture, which offers people the opportunity to question conditions they take for granted, and, by distancing themselves from everyday life, to re-examine the meaning of their lives.
Within a traditional society, however, the action of distancing from normality is usually negatively sanctioned. By contrast, under modernity people mostly have the necessary resources to transcend the everyday world through experiences which are at a distance from their daily lives. Tourism thus has much to do with the conditions and consequences of modernity and is, in short, an indicator of the ambivalence of modernity. It is from this perspective that this book attempts to broaden the established line of enquiry into the relationship between tourism and modernity.
The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 contextualizes tourism in terms of the relationship between Logos-modernity and Eros-modernity. Part 2 then deals with the relationship between modernity and the motivations and experiences of tourists. Finally, Part 3 focuses on the conditions of modernity that lure tourists towards leisure and pleasure travel.

The proceedings of the conference ENTER - International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism - provide an international forum for the discussion of the role of telecommunication and information systems in tourism, inform potential users and people concerned with the importance of such technologies and explain their functioning.

Sixty years after its birth, contemporary tourism is at crossroads. It has grown to become a key element of economic well-being, but it is threatened and threatening. Its enemies are congestion, destruction of natural and cultural environments, and social unrest. However, it also contributes its fair share to these evils. How can tourism really become a fulcrum for development and sustainability in the 21st century? This is a matter of crucial importance for entrepreneurs, governments, and civil society stakeholders, and Knowledge Management in Tourism: Policy and Governance Applications provides these key players with answers and queries, and above all with the strategic tools to understand and act. Knowledge Management in Tourism: Policy and Governance Applications is an indispensable instrument for everyone interested in the theory and practice of this very important human pursuit: the quest for effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of tourism activities in helping build the future of mankind.

"This will become a very important publication in the field of tourism. It is unique." Jafar Jafari, Series Editor
The aim of the book is to use personal histories of pioneers to describe and analyze the emergence of tourism study among anthropologically oriented scholars (those acting as informants among the earliest to work on the subject of tourism and continue still). The editor, besides contributing his own personal history and the introductory chapters 1 and 2, has included a concluding analytic chapter that will make some general sense out of the comments of the participating informants.
Dr Nash is a well recognised scholar in the fields of anthropology and tourism. The field of tourism studies is growing exponentially, and this book fits with this growth.
*Uses personal histories of pioneers to analyze tourism study
*Contributes to literature in the growing field of tourism studies
*Well suited for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students but accessible for the general public

Tourism and development are frequently mentioned together, yet the contribution of tourism to development in the Third World is controversial. This book provides an in depth study of Mexico's experience with the international tourism industry over the last 35 years of the 20th century. Beginning in the 1960s the Mexican government actively sought to export tourism services to foreigners as a conscious development strategy. The book traces government efforts and the developmental outcomes resulting from this policy of "exporting paradise."

Hardbound. The study of tourism is, arguably, ready for a thorough theoretical yet empirical analysis of the relationship between tourism and host communities. Pearce, Moscardo and Ross deal with the impacts tourism is having on communities internationally, going beyond a mere review of such impacts to investigate the origins, development and manifestations of community attitudes. A theoretical perspective is developed on how communities come to understand tourism and react to it. In terms of its disciplinary approaches the book combines social-psychological, sociological, economic and media analyses and can properly be termed a study within the new specialism of tourism. A number of yet-to-be-published studies of tourism and communities are reported on, and some large scale existing works on tourism and community reaction are reviewed and revisited.

Hardbound. The interrelationship of religion and tourism has barely been touched upon in scholarly research. This book aims to present and analyze this relationship from sociological, economic and anthropological perspectives.The religious tourist and categories of religiously motivated tourism are delineated, and numerous contemporary issues worthy of attention and research are identified. This provides insights into the relationship between tourism and religion: suppression or encouragement of one by the other; potential and actual conflicts; their mutual casualty and impact; the expression of religious feeling or freedom; the touristic determinants of pilgrimages, etc. The author ends with his own observations and conclusions regarding the future of the relationship and its likely direction and development.

The book opens with an account of recent developments in the economic, political and cultural sociology of international tourism and goes on to analyse the relationships between international tourism and the broad economic determinants of the world system. The book aims to understand "leisure migration" in two principal contexts: the socio-economic hierarchies of society, and the legacy of east-west political alliances. This novel theoretical synthesis combines data at the global, continental, and regional levels of tourism, focusing particularly on Austria and Hungary - one of the most exciting areas of Europe - where the social, political, cultural and economic boundaries of the emerging European integration are being contested and redrawn today.

In adopting an eclectic research strategy, including historical narrative, content analysis, linguistic history, statistical modelling, and fieldwork observation, the book breaks new ground with regard to the empirical material it covers, and is a timely and relevant contribution to the advancement of this debate.

To access the author's homepage, follow this link http: //www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jborocz

Hardbound. This book is designed to give an overview and critical assessment of the developing field of tourism study in anthropology. It aims to engage the reader with questions that anthropologists have raised about tourist and the ways that they have dealt with them in their research. Basic research from three theoretical perspectives is reviewed and assessed: tourist as a form of development or acculturation, as a personal transition, and as a kind of social super structure. In later chapters, the applied side of the field is examined, including considerations of tourist policy and sustainable tourism development. Most chapters include summary case studies illustrating some of the important points under examination. The book concludes with a discussion of the integration of basic and applied approaches in the anthropological agenda on tourism and suggestions concerning the future course of study in the field.