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Medical mycology refers to the study of fungi that produce disease
in humans and other animals, and of the diseases they produce,
their ecology, and their epidemiology. This new edition has been
fully revised to provide microbiologists with the latest
information on fungal infections, covering the entire spectrum of
different types of infection, and therapeutic modalities. Beginning
with a general overview explaining morphology, taxonomy, and
diagnosis, the following sections cover the different categories of
fungal infection including superficial cutaneous mycoses,
subcutaneous mycoses, systemic mycoses and opportunistic mycoses. A
complete section is dedicated to pseudofungal infections. The
highly illustrated text concludes with a detailed appendices
section and each chapter features key references for further
reading. Key points Fully revised, fourth edition providing latest
information on the diagnosis and management of fungal infections
Covers the entire spectrum of mycoses Highly illustrated with
clinical photographs and figures Previous edition (9788188039780)
published in 2009
This book presents various aspects of agroforestry research and
development, as well as the latest trends in degraded landscape
management. Over the last four decades, agroforestry research
(particularly on degraded landscapes) has evolved into an essential
problem-solving science, e.g. in terms of sustaining agricultural
productivity, improving soil health and biodiversity, enhancing
ecosystem services, supporting carbon sequestration and mitigating
climate change. This book examines temperate and tropical
agroforestry systems around the world, focusing on traditional and
modern practices and technologies used to rehabilitate degraded
lands. It covers the latest research advances, trends and
challenges in the utilization and reclamation of degraded lands,
e.g. urban and peri-urban agroforestry, reclamation of degraded
landscapes, tree-based multi-enterprise agriculture, domestication
of high-value halophytes, afforestation of coastal areas,
preserving mangroves and much more. Given its scope, the book
offers a valuable asset for a broad range of stakeholders including
farmers, scientists, researchers, educators, students,
development/extension agents, environmentalists, policy/decision
makers, and government and non-government organizations.
Agroforestry (AF) is a dynamic, ecologically based, natural
resources management system that, by integrating trees on farms,
ranches, and in other landscapes, diversifies and increases
production and promotes social, economic, and environmental
benefits for land users. Further, it is receiving increasing
attention as a sustainable land-management option worldwide because
of its ecological, economic, and social attributes. Advances have
been achieved by building on past research accomplishments and
expanding AF's stakeholder base, which now includes private/public
partnerships, communities, ecologists, farmers, indigenous peoples,
and policymakers in both temperate and tropical countries. AF has
now been recognized as a valuable problem-solving approach to
ensuring food security and rebuilding resilient rural environments.
Recent studies have shown that more than 1 billion hectares of
agricultural land have more than 10% tree cover. Of this area, 160
million hectares have more than 50% tree cover. Agricultural
ecosystems can be further improved through AF to achieve
environmental restoration, greater farm productivity, and key
ecological services, including climate change mitigation and
adaptation for improved rural livelihood. In fact, it is largely
considered synonymous with climate smart agriculture and a remedy
for many modern environmental challenges. Consequently, AF's
knowledge base is being expanded at a rapid rate, as illustrated by
the increasing number and quality of scientific publications on
various forms and different aspects of AF. This book offers
state-of-the-art information on the fundamental concepts and
history of AF and its evolution as a science, presenting a wealth
of advanced research results and evaluations relating to different
aspects of AF. Accordingly, it will be useful for a broad
readership, including students, foresters, farmers, local
communities, indigenous peoples, civil society institutions, media,
policymakers and the general public.
Agroforestry, the word coined in early seventies, has made its
place in all the developed and the developing countries of the
world and is now recognized as an important approach to ensuring
food security and rebuilding resilient rural environments. India
has been an all-time leader in agroforestry. The South and
Southeast Asia region comprising India is often described as the
cradle of agroforestry. Almost all forms of agroforestry systems
exist across India in ecozones ranging from humid tropical lowlands
to high-altitude and temperate biomes, and perhumid rainforest
zones to parched drylands. The country ranks foremost among the
community of nations not only in terms of this enormous diversity
and long tradition of the practice of agroforestry, but also in
fostering scientific developments in the subject. Agroforestry
applies to private agricultural and forest lands and communities
that also include highly erodible, flood-prone, economically
marginal and environmentally sensitive lands. The typical situation
is agricultural, where trees are added to create desired benefits.
Agroforestry allows for the diversification of farm activities and
makes better use of environmental resources. Owing to an increase
in the population of human and cattle, there is increasing demand
of food as well as fodder, particularly in developing countries
like India. So far, there is no policy that deals
with specifics in agroforestry in India. But, the Indian
Council of Agricultural Research has been discussing on the scope
of having a National Agroforestry Policy in appropriate platforms.
However, evolving a policy requires good and reliable datasets from
different corners of the country on the subject matter. This
synthesis volume containing 13 chapters is an attempt to collate
available information in a classified manner into different system
ecologies, problems and solutions, and converging them into a
policy support.
It is well known that the impacts of climate change are tangible
and hence there can be no debate about the need for appropriate
adaptation measures, on a priority basis. However, it is equally
important to recognize the fact that adaptation measures actually
represent a dynamic synthesis of interventions pertaining to
multiple systems. These are particularly of water, soil
characteristics, genotypic and phenotypic variations and their
expressions, age-correlated biochemical changes aligned with
planting schedules and favorable weather/climate conditions.
Nutrients, occurrence and distribution of associated vegetation
including crop mixes also influence productivity. The overarching
aspect of farming practice wields significant influence on the
outcome and hence it is important to be clear about the particular
focus of the investigations being carried out and reported in a
suitable manner. It is essential to recognize that scientific
research in agriculture in India has always produced valuable
results of direct relevance to her people. Importantly,
preparedness to tackle disasters due to inclement weather system
has prominently featured on the agenda. The recent focus on climate
change and impacts has provided the necessary impetus to reorganize
the framework of investigation to capture the specifics of such
impacts. In this context, the importance of micro climate
variations too viz-a-viz the larger scales of impacts cannot be
overemphasized. It will be useful to also help characterize natural
variations versus artificially induced variations, helping us
understand the complexities of individual and synergistic impacts
too. Obviously, the limits and limitations of models could
determine the spread and depth of the outcomes of investigations.
Empirical evidences to reinforce assumptions have to also be
documented with utmost care; guided by an understanding of the
limits of tolerance, limiting factors, and the precautionary
principle especially in the public policy interface. The present
volume therefore, showcases these strands with the fond hope that
they will stimulate further thinking and enable appropriate action.
Agroforestry, the word coined in early seventies, has made its
place in all the developed and the developing countries of the
world and is now recognized as an important approach to ensuring
food security and rebuilding resilient rural environments. India
has been an all-time leader in agroforestry. The South and
Southeast Asia region comprising India is often described as the
cradle of agroforestry. Almost all forms of agroforestry systems
exist across India in ecozones ranging from humid tropical lowlands
to high-altitude and temperate biomes, and perhumid rainforest
zones to parched drylands. The country ranks foremost among the
community of nations not only in terms of this enormous diversity
and long tradition of the practice of agroforestry, but also in
fostering scientific developments in the subject. Agroforestry
applies to private agricultural and forest lands and communities
that also include highly erodible, flood-prone, economically
marginal and environmentally sensitive lands. The typical situation
is agricultural, where trees are added to create desired benefits.
Agroforestry allows for the diversification of farm activities and
makes better use of environmental resources. Owing to an increase
in the population of human and cattle, there is increasing demand
of food as well as fodder, particularly in developing countries
like India. So far, there is no policy that deals with specifics in
agroforestry in India. But, the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research has been discussing on the scope of having a National
Agroforestry Policy in appropriate platforms. However, evolving a
policy requires good and reliable datasets from different corners
of the country on the subject matter. This synthesis volume
containing 13 chapters is an attempt to collate available
information in a classified manner into different system ecologies,
problems and solutions, and converging them into a policy support.
This edited book opens up new vistas for sustainable
intensification in agriculture to provide food to ever growing
population as well as adapting to the risks of global environmental
change. Diverting from conventional agriculture, the book explores
new dimensions and concepts that have been identified for future
research and development in sustaining agriculture in Asia and
Africa regions. The chapters are written by leading researchers and
practitioners in the field of agroforestry. The book demonstrates
how agroforestry could be instrumental in bringing stability and
sustainability in agricultural production. It offers
sustainable solutions for the impending problems of climate change,
ecosystem degradation, declining agricultural productivity, and
uncertain food security. It is an essential resource for students
in agroforestry courses, as well as a valuable introduction to the
field for professionals in related areas.
Soil and water salinity is a major challenge for the agricultural
community and policy makers in terms of meeting the burgeoning
population's demand for food and other agricultural commodities. In
coastal regions, climate change and sea level rise will aggravate
the problem with more and more areas becoming saline due to
intrusion of sea water. As such there is a pressing need for modern
tools and innovative techniques for the identification of salty
soils and poor-quality waters, crop production, soil reclamation
and lowering the water table in waterlogged areas. Tackling
next-generation problems such as contamination of soil and
underground water due to fluoride and arsenic, as well as
developing multi-stress tolerant crops is also a high priority.
Further, techniques for domesticating halophytes, mangrove-based
aquacultures, using seaweed cultures as agricultural crops and
integrated farming systems need to be perfected. This book
addresses all these aspects in detail, highlighting the diverse
solutions to tackle the complex problem of salinity and
waterlogging and safer management of poor-quality waters. With
chapters written by leading experts, it is a valuable resource for
researchers planning future investigations, policy makers, farmers
and other stakeholders, and for students wanting insights into
vital issues of environment.
This book presents various aspects of agroforestry research and
development, as well as the latest trends in degraded landscape
management. Over the last four decades, agroforestry research
(particularly on degraded landscapes) has evolved into an essential
problem-solving science, e.g. in terms of sustaining agricultural
productivity, improving soil health and biodiversity, enhancing
ecosystem services, supporting carbon sequestration and mitigating
climate change. This book examines temperate and tropical
agroforestry systems around the world, focusing on traditional and
modern practices and technologies used to rehabilitate degraded
lands. It covers the latest research advances, trends and
challenges in the utilization and reclamation of degraded lands,
e.g. urban and peri-urban agroforestry, reclamation of degraded
landscapes, tree-based multi-enterprise agriculture, domestication
of high-value halophytes, afforestation of coastal areas,
preserving mangroves and much more. Given its scope, the book
offers a valuable asset for a broad range of stakeholders including
farmers, scientists, researchers, educators, students,
development/extension agents, environmentalists, policy/decision
makers, and government and non-government organizations.
Today, agroforestry ranks high among the significant
land-management initiatives that have undertaken the world over the
past few decades. Indeed, it is now recognized as an important
approach to ensuring food security and rebuilding resilient rural
environments. Recent studies have shown that more than one billion
hectares of agricultural land have more than 10% tree cover. Of
this, 160 million hectares have more than 50% tree cover.
Agricultural ecosystems can be further improved through
agroforestry to ensure environmental restoration, greater farm
productivity, and realization of ecological services, including
climate change mitigation and adaptation for improved rural
livelihood. Now, agroforestry is considered synonymous to climate
smart agriculture and a remedy for many modern environmental
challenges, and acts as a mitigating process for climate change.
Consequently, the knowledge base of agroforestry is being expanded
at a rapid rate as illustrated by the increasing number and quality
of scientific publications of various forms on different aspects of
agroforestry. Making full and efficient use of this upsurge in
scientific agroforestry is both a challenge and an opportunity to
the scientific community, particularly in the scenario of climate
change. In order to help prepare themselves better for facing the
challenges and seizing the opportunity, agroforestry scientists
need access to synthesized information on multi-dimensional aspects
of scientific agroforestry. It is believed that widespread
scaling-up of agroforestry innovations during the next decade will
greatly facilitate the success of global commitments and
conventions such as the UN Millennium Development Goals, Convention
on Biological Diversity, Framework on Climate Change, and the
Convention to Combat Desertification. This book will be useful for
engaging more stakeholders, including students, foresters, farmers,
local communities, indigenous people, civil society institutions,
the media, private sectors, scientists (working in the fields of
Agroforestry, Forestry, Life Sciences, Animal Husbandry &
Dairy, Social Science, Food Science and Environmental Sciences),
policymakers, leaders, and the public.
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