An Introduction to Optimization Techniques introduces the basic ideas and techniques of optimization. Optimization is a precise procedure using design constraints and criteria to enable the planner to find the optimal solution. Optimization techniques have been applied in numerous fields to deal with different practical problems. This book is designed to give the reader a sense of the challenge of analyzing a given situation and formulating a model for it while explaining the assumptions and inner structure of the methods discussed as fully as possible. It includes real-world examples and applications making the book accessible to a broader readership. Features Each chapter begins with the Learning Outcomes (LO) section, which highlights the critical points of that chapter. All learning outcomes, solved examples and questions are mapped to six Bloom Taxonomy levels (BT Level). Book offers fundamental concepts of optimization without becoming too complicated. A wide range of solved examples are presented in each section after the theoretical discussion to clarify the concept of that section. A separate chapter on the application of spreadsheets to solve different optimization techniques. At the end of each chapter, a summary reinforces key ideas and helps readers recall the concepts discussed. The wide and emerging uses of optimization techniques make it essential for students and professionals. Optimization techniques have been applied in numerous fields to deal with different practical problems. This book serves as a textbook for UG and PG students of science, engineering, and management programs. It will be equally useful for Professionals, Consultants, and Managers.

The problem of inadequate post operative pain relief has been recognized for many years and has been the subject of considerable research. A recent concept for the relief of post operative pain has been production of such a preoperative analgesia which should have a reduced incidence of pulmonary, cardiovascular, thromboembolic and other complications with better free mobility. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacies and adverse effects of pentazocine, fentanyl and tramadol as pre-operative analgesics in patients undergoing short surgical procedures with post-operative ketorolac. Patients who received pre-operatively analgesia with fentanyl had been found to have better pain relief for longer duration as compared to those who received pre-operatively tramadol, pentazocine and post-operative ketorolac. Therefore, our work discerns that pre-operative administration of fentanyl 50 ug 15 minutes before surgery in patients undergoing short surgical procedures provides exquisite control of post-operative pain."