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As a deeply religious thinker who disclaimed all rationalistic
systems, Martin Buber produced an insightful critique of modern
philosophical ethics, one that became productive soil for another
nontraditional philosophical ethic: feminism's care ethic. In light
of the recent emphasis on the new morality, antifoundationalism,
and postmodernism in ethics, the dialogical ethics of Martin Buber
merits close examination. Most important, Walters compares and
contrasts Buber's and feminism's personalist ethics in light of two
considerations: the lack of attention by feminist writers to the
feminist-Buber linkage and the long-standing and general
inattention by twentieth-century thinkers to the ethical dimensions
of Buber's thought.
At a time when technology can sustain marginal life, it is ever
more important to understand what constitutes a person. What are
the medical, ethical, moral, mental, legal, and philosophical
criteria that determine protectable human life? Following
immediately on the publication of his highly praised book Choosing
Who's to Live, James Walters addresses with depth and wisdom
another ambitious and complicated matter: determining the nature of
personhood. By providing a much-needed religious/philosophical
context for the discussion--examining contemporary thinking on just
what constitutes valuable life--Walters broadens his inquiry beyond
the human to include other animals and deals with the phenomenon of
anencephalic infants, those who are born without higher brains.
Searching for a measurable and humane standard of personhood,
Walters looks at the current definition of it and declares it
inadequate--offering instead the idea of proximate personhood, with
criteria for helping to determine which individuals possess a
unique claim to life.
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