The Rainbow Division (42nd Infantry Division) was the premier National Guard division to fight on the Western Front in the Great War. Made up of units from 26 states and the District of Columbia, the Rainbow was a unique attempt to combine units from every section of the nation and to get them to France as quickly as possible. The Rainbow arrived in France in December 1917, and served in every major battle the AEF (American Expeditionary Force) participated in. After the end of the war in November 1918, the Rainbow was selected to serve in the Army of Occupation, remaining in Germany until the spring of 1919. The division counted in its leadership Douglas MacArthur, William J. Wild Bill Donovan (later known for his service as the head of the OSS in World War II and for founding the CIA), soldier-poet Joyce Kilmer, Father Francis P. Duffy, plus future secretaries of the Army and the Air Force and two who would become Army Chiefs of Staff. George S. Patton's tanks supported The Rainbow Division during the St. Mihiel operations, the first time the legendary Patton planned for the use of tanks on the battlefield.

When the United States went to war in April 1917 the Army's Air Service had one squadron of obsolete aircraft. By November 1918 the Air Service had aero squadrons which were specialized in air combat, observation, bombing, and photography. Each combat division habitually had an air observation squadron and a balloon company attached. This work also details the efforts of the Air Service to construct a massive system of supply, repair, and maintenance. Questions such as the training of flyers, observers, and balloonists are also explored.

When the United States entered the Great War in April of 1917, there were few officers with any staff training, and none had actually served on large, complex staffs in combat. This work traces the development of the staff of the AEF and describes how Pershing found the generals to command those divisions that fought on the Western Front in World War I. Many of Pershing's generals had been colonels only a few months prior to assuming command of divisions. John J. Pershing's task was to mold a diverse group of men into effective staff officers and into general officers to face the rigors of modern combat. How he accomplished this task, and how well the AEF did, is the focus of this work on the AEF's command and staff structure.

This is the first study to analyze the content, training, and performance of a World War I draft division from its formation onward. The 82nd division consisted heavily of non-English speaking European immigrants and conscripts fresh from farming towns in Tennessee and North Carolina. Despite these apparent obstacles, it would evolve into an effective combat unit on the front lines of St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne. These All-Americans would prove that they could fight and accomplish several difficult missions in the Great War.

From its birth at Camp Gordon, Georgia, to the battlefields of the Western Front, the 82nd division became a highly successful combat unit through good leadership and hard work. After initial training in France by both British and French forces, the 82nd entered the trenches to face the Germans. Given a difficult mission during the St. Mihiel offensive, the diverse division performed well; and during the Meuse-Argonne battle, it achieved its objectives despite heavy casualties. Despite an early lack of preparation, this force would be a true American success story.

Not all codes and traditions of the Old South ended abruptly with the Civil War. For many historians, however, there is truth in the thesis that the war marks the division between the Old South and the New South. To assess what happened to the old order during the tumultuous four years of the Confederacy, the essays in this book examine the South's dealing with the problem of continuity and persistence as a new era emerged. In the crucible of war what happened to the class system, to yeomen and planters, to millions of slaves, and to the common soldier? Myths and realities of the Old South undergo careful examination in this book of six papers from the Seventh Annual Chancellor Porter L. Fortune Symposium in Southern History (1981) at the University of Mississippi. Professor Emory M. Thomas, the foremost historian of the Confederate experience, defined the Confederacy as an extended moment during which southerners attempted simultaneously to define themselves as a people and to act out a national identity, and he characterized the Confederacy as the logical expression of antebellum southern ideology.The historians represented in this volume respond to Thomas's thesis and focus upon the theme of southern continuity or upon the lack of it.

The principal question addressed is the extent to which American organizations source legal services they require in a manner consistent with transaction cost economics and agency theory. Transaction cost economics (TCE) is an interdisciplinary undertaking which joins economics with aspects of organizational theory and contract law. TCE views frequency, uncertainty and asset specificity (the extent to which assets have little utility or value except in the context of a particular transaction or relationship) as key variables in determining how a transaction will be structured. Agency theory focuses on identifying the most efficient contract form for a relationship taking into account certain assumptions of self-interest, bounded rationality, risk aversion and the cost of verifying what the agent is doing. A survey was sent to full-time in-house general counsel to collect data on actual practices in sourcing legal services for seven different areas of law: antitrust/trade regulation, commercial contracts, intellectual property, labor/employment, litigation, securities and taxes. The survey instrument s questions also covered key elements of TCE and agency theory, including uncertainty, asset specificity, frequency, law firm reputation and law firm trustworthiness. In excess of three hundred fully completed surveys were returned. The survey data were subjected to statistical analysis including multiple regression. The analysis disclosed the locus of the requisite expertise (i.e., either in-house or at an outside law firm) to be the principal determinant for sourcing of needed legal services; the first variable to enter each regression equation dealing either with preference for doing thework in-house or the percentage of work assigned to outside counsel was the variable for the level of in-house expertise. Other survey data, and information obtained in interviews with corporate counsel, showed that in-house legal expertise is generally created and maintained for types of legal matters an organization continually (or at least frequently) encounters. Asset specificity aspects of TCE appear consistent with actual practice. Hypotheses based upon TCE s uncertainty element were supported only to the extent the data confirmed that uncertainty is dealt with by aligning expertise with the task. Hypotheses relating to other aspects of TCE and to agency theory were not supported.

A collection of essays designed to explore the nature and causes of misconceived and often misguided western attitudes towards the people and institutions of North Africa over a period of roughly one and a half centuries. Throughout their essays, the contributors highlight the double standards of previous western authors about the Maghrib, noting their emphasis on North African superstitions and cruelties and their failure to compare them with those practiced in the European world.