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In light of the Black Lives Matter movement and protests in many
cities, race plays an ever more salient role in crime and justice.
Within theoretical criminology, however, race has oddly remained on
the periphery. It is often introduced as a control variable in
tests of theories and is rarely incorporated as a central construct
in mainstream paradigms (e.g., control, social learning, and strain
theories). When race is discussed, the standard approach is to
embrace the racial invariance thesis, which argues that any racial
differences in crime are due to African Americans being exposed to
the same criminogenic risk factors as are Whites, just more of
them. An alternative perspective has emerged that seeks to identify
the unique, racially specific conditions that only Blacks
experience. Within the United States, these conditions are rooted
in the historical racial oppression experienced by African
Americans, whose contemporary legacy includes concentrated
disadvantage in segregated communities, racial socialization by
parents, experiences with and perceptions of racial discrimination,
and disproportionate involvement in and unjust treatment by the
criminal justice system. Importantly, racial invariance and race
specificity are not mutually exclusive perspectives. Evidence
exists that Blacks and Whites commit crimes for both the same
reasons (invariance) and for different reasons (race-specific). A
full understanding of race and crime thus must involve demarcating
both the general and specific causes of crime, the latter embedded
in what it means to be "Black" in the United States. This volume
seeks to explore these theoretical issues in a depth and breadth
that is not common under one cover. Again, given the salience of
race and crime, this volume should be of interest to a wide range
of criminologists and have the potential to be used in graduate
seminars and upper-level undergraduate courses.
A little more than a century ago, the famous social scientist
W.E.B. Dubois asserted that a true understanding of African
American offending must be grounded in the "real conditions" of
what it means to be black living in a racial stratified society.
Today and according to official statistics, African American men --
about 6 percent of the population of the United States -- account
for nearly 60 percent of the armed robbery arrests in the United
States. To the authors of this book, this and many other glaring
racial disparities in offending centered on African Americans is
clearly related to their unique history and to their past and
present racial subordination. Inexplicably, however, no
criminological theory exists that fully articulates the nuances of
the African American experience and how they relate to their
offending. In readable fashion for undergraduate students, the
general public, and criminologists alike, this book for the first
time presents the foundations for the development of an African
American theory of offending.
A little more than a century ago, the famous social scientist
W.E.B. Dubois asserted that a true understanding of African
American offending must be grounded in the "real conditions" of
what it means to be black living in a racial stratified society.
Today and according to official statistics, African American men --
about 6 percent of the population of the United States -- account
for nearly 60 percent of the armed robbery arrests in the United
States. To the authors of this book, this and many other glaring
racial disparities in offending centered on African Americans is
clearly related to their unique history and to their past and
present racial subordination. Inexplicably, however, no
criminological theory exists that fully articulates the nuances of
the African American experience and how they relate to their
offending. In readable fashion for undergraduate students, the
general public, and criminologists alike, this book for the first
time presents the foundations for the development of an African
American theory of offending.
In light of the Black Lives Matter movement and protests in many
cities, race plays an ever more salient role in crime and justice.
Within theoretical criminology, however, race has oddly remained on
the periphery. It is often introduced as a control variable in
tests of theories and is rarely incorporated as a central construct
in mainstream paradigms (e.g., control, social learning, and strain
theories). When race is discussed, the standard approach is to
embrace the racial invariance thesis, which argues that any racial
differences in crime are due to African Americans being exposed to
the same criminogenic risk factors as are Whites, just more of
them. An alternative perspective has emerged that seeks to identify
the unique, racially specific conditions that only Blacks
experience. Within the United States, these conditions are rooted
in the historical racial oppression experienced by African
Americans, whose contemporary legacy includes concentrated
disadvantage in segregated communities, racial socialization by
parents, experiences with and perceptions of racial discrimination,
and disproportionate involvement in and unjust treatment by the
criminal justice system. Importantly, racial invariance and race
specificity are not mutually exclusive perspectives. Evidence
exists that Blacks and Whites commit crimes for both the same
reasons (invariance) and for different reasons (race-specific). A
full understanding of race and crime thus must involve demarcating
both the general and specific causes of crime, the latter embedded
in what it means to be "Black" in the United States. This volume
seeks to explore these theoretical issues in a depth and breadth
that is not common under one cover. Again, given the salience of
race and crime, this volume should be of interest to a wide range
of criminologists and have the potential to be used in graduate
seminars and upper-level undergraduate courses.
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