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From the Quasi War with France and the opening of Japan, to the
numerous interventions of the 1990s, these events have been
situated at the heart of US foreign policy. There are four
different explanations as to why the US, throughout its history,
has used military force just short of war. Some scholars have
suggested that nations use military force on behalf of security
objectives. Others have maintained that economic self-interest has
motivated many military interventions. Recently many researchers
have explored the extent to which the US has used force to promote
democracy and human rights, and still more scholars have argued
that presidents use limited force for domestic political purposes.
Assessing the utility of each of these explanations throughout US
history, Meernik employs both historical narrative and statistical
techniques to provide a comprehensive account of these important
foreign policy events. This engaging, highly informative volume is
particularly suited to scholars and students in the fields of
international relations, foreign policy, military affairs and
history.
From the Quasi War with France and the opening of Japan, to the
numerous interventions of the 1990s, these events have been
situated at the heart of US foreign policy. There are four
different explanations as to why the US, throughout its history,
has used military force just short of war. Some scholars have
suggested that nations use military force on behalf of security
objectives. Others have maintained that economic self-interest has
motivated many military interventions. Recently many researchers
have explored the extent to which the US has used force to promote
democracy and human rights, and still more scholars have argued
that presidents use limited force for domestic political purposes.
Assessing the utility of each of these explanations throughout US
history, Meernik employs both historical narrative and statistical
techniques to provide a comprehensive account of these important
foreign policy events. This engaging, highly informative volume is
particularly suited to scholars and students in the fields of
international relations, foreign policy, military affairs and
history.
Some injustices are so massive, so heinous, and so extraordinary
that ordinary courts are no longer adequate. The creation of
international courts and tribunals to confront major violations of
human rights sought to bring justice to affected communities as
well as to the entire world. Yet if justice is a righting of the
imbalance between what has happened and what is reflected in the
law, no amount of punishment and no judgment could compensate for
that suffering and loss. In order to understand the meaning of
justice, James David Meernik and Kimi Lynn King studied the
perspective of witnesses who have testified before the
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
Using a unique survey, Meernik and King look at the identity of the
victims and their perception of the fairness of ICTY. Because of
the need to justify the practical and emotional difficulties
involved in testifying before an international tribunal, witnesses
look not just to the institution to judge its effectiveness, but
also to their own contribution, by testifying effectively. The
central elements of the theory Meernik and King develop-identity,
fairness, and experience-transcend specific conflicts and countries
and are of importance to people everywhere.
This book provides the most comprehensive and scientific assessment
to date of what it means to appear before war crimes tribunals.
This ground-breaking analysis, conducted with the cooperation of
the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
(ICTY) Victims and Witnesses Section, examines the positive and
negative impact that testifying has on those who bear witness to
the horrors of war by shedding new light on the process. While most
witnesses have positive feelings and believe they contributed to
international justice, there is a small but critical segment of
witnesses whose security, health, and well-being are adversely
affected after testifying. The witness experience is examined
holistically, including witness' perceptions of their physical and
psychological well-being. Because identity (gender and ethnicity)
and war trauma were central to the ICTY's mandate and the conflicts
in the former Yugoslavia, the research explores in-depth how they
have impacted the most critical stakeholders of any transitional
justice mechanism: the witnesses.
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