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Ovid is perhaps the most important surviving Latin poet and his
work has influenced writers throughout the world to the present
day. This volume presents a groundbreaking series of essays on his
reception across in the Middle Ages. The collection includes
contributions from distinguished Ovidians as well as leading
specialists in medieval Latin and vernacular literature, clerical
and extra-clerical culture and medieval art, and addresses
questions of manuscript and textual transmission, translation,
adaptation and imitation. It also explores the intersecting
cultural contexts of the schools (monastic and secular), courts and
literate lay households. It elaborates the scale and scope of the
enthusiasm for Ovid in medieval Europe, following readers of the
canon from the Carolingian monasteries to the early schools of the
Ile de France and on into clerical and curial milieux in Italy,
Spain, the British Isles and even the Byzantine Empire.
The Deeds of the abbots of St Albans records the history of one of
the most important abbeys in England, closely linked to the royal
family and home to a school of distinguished chroniclers, including
Matthew Paris and Thomas Walsingham. It offers many insights into
the life of the monastery, its buildings and its role as a maker of
books, and covers the period from the Conquest to the mid-fifteenth
century.
First complete translation of detailed chronicle of medieval
England, one of Shakespeare's most important sources. Winner of a
CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Award Translated by David Preest
with introduction and notes by James G. Clark Thomas Walsingham's
Chronica maiora is one of the most comprehensive and colourful
chronicles to survive from medieval England. Walsingham was a monk
at St Albans Abbey, a royal monastery and the premier repository of
public records, and therefore well placed to observe the political
machinations of this period at close hand. Moreover, he knew the
monarchs and many of the nobles personally and is able to offer
insights into their actions unmatched by any other authority. It is
this chronicle, transmitted through popular Tudor histories, that
informed some of the central dramas of Shakespeare's History cycle.
Covering almost fifty years, the narrative provides the most
authoritative account of one of the most turbulent periods in
English history, from thelast years of Edward III (1376-77) to the
premature death of Henry V (1422). Walsingham describes the many
dramas of this period in vivid detail, including the Peasants'
Revolt (1381), the deposition and murder of Richard II (1399-1400),
The Welsh revolt of Owain Glyn Dwr (1403) and Henry V's victory at
Agincourt (1415); they are brought to life here in this new
translation.
Examinations of the culture - artistic, material, musical - of
English monasteries in the six centuries between the Conquest and
the Dissolution. The cultural remains of England's abbeys and
priories have always attracted scholarly attention but too often
they have been studied in isolation, appreciated only for their
artistic, codicological or intellectual features and notfor the
insights they offer into the patterns of life and thought - the
underlying norms, values and mentalite - of the communities of men
and women which made them. Indeed, the distinguished monastic
historian David Knowles doubted there would ever be sufficient
evidence to recover "the mentality of the ordinary cloister monk".
These twelve essays challenge this view. They exploit newly
catalogued and newly discovered evidence - manuscript books,wall
paintings, and even the traces of original monastic music - to
recover the cultural dynamics of a cross-section of male and female
communities. It is often claimed that over time the cultural
traditions of the monasteries were suffocated by secular trends but
here it is suggested that many houses remained a major cultural
force even on the verge of the Reformation. James G. Clark is
Professor of History at the University of Exeter. Contributors:
DAVID BELL, ROGER BOWERS, JAMES CLARK, BARRIE COLLETT, MARY ERLER,
G. R. EVANS, MIRIAM GILL, JOAN GREATREX, JULIAN HASELDINE, J. D.
NORTH, ALAN PIPER, AND R. M. THOMSON.
A comprehensive survey of the origins, development, and influence
of the most important monastic order in the middle ages. The men
and women that followed the sixth-century customs of Benedict of
Nursia (c.480-c.547) formed the most enduring, influential,
numerous and widespread religious order of the Latin middle ages.
Their liturgical practice, andtheir acquired taste for learning,
served as a model for the medieval church as a whole: while new
orders arose, they took some of their customs, and their observant
and spiritual outlook, from the Regula Benedicti. The Benedictines
may also be counted among the founders of medieval Europe. In many
regions of the continent they created, or consolidated, the first
Christian communities; they also directed the development of their
social organisation,economy, and environment, and exerted a
powerful influence on their emerging cultural and intellectual
trends. This book, the first comparative study of its kind, follows
the Benedictine Order over eleven centuries, from their early
diaspora to the challenge of continental reformation. JAMES G.
CLARK is Professor of History, University of Exeter.
Essays provide evidence for the vigour and involvement of religious
orders in the years immediately prior to the reformation. It
continues to be assumed in some quarters that England's monasteries
and mendicant convents fell into a headlong decline - pursuing high
living and low morals - long before Henry VIII set out to destroy
them at the Dissolution.The essays in this book add to the growing
body of scholarly enquiry which challenges this view. Drawing on
some of the most recent research by British and American scholars,
they offer a wide-ranging reassessment of the religiousorders on
the eve of the Reformation. They consider not only the condition of
their communities and the character of life within them, but also
their wider contribution - spiritual, intellectual and economic -
to English societyat large. What emerges is the impression that the
years leading up to the Dissolution were neither as dark nor as
difficult for the regular religious as many earlier histories have
led us to believe. It was a period of institutional and religious
reform, and, for the Benedictines at least, a period of marked
intellectual revival. Many religious houses also continued to enjoy
close relations with the lay communities living beyond their
precinct walls. Whiletheir role in the devotions of many ordinary
lay folk may have diminished, they still had a significant part to
play in the local economy, in education and in a wide range of
social and cultural activities. Contributors:JEREMY CATTO, JAMES G.
CLARK, GLYN COPPACK, CLAIRE CROSS, PETER CUNICH, VINCENT GILLESPIE,
JOAN GREATEX, BARBARA HARVEY, F. DONALD LOGAN, MARILYN OLIVA,
MICHAEL ROBSON, R.N. SWANSON, BENJAMIN THOMPSON.
Essays offering new approaches to the changing forms of medieval
religious masculinity. The complex relationship between masculinity
and religion, as experienced in both the secular and ecclesiastical
worlds, forms the focus for this volume, whose range encompasses
the rabbis of the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmud,and moves via
Carolingian and Norman France, Siena, Antioch, and high and late
medieval England to the eve of the Reformation. Chapters
investigate the creation and reconstitution of different
expressions of masculine identity, from the clerical enthusiasts
for marriage to the lay practitioners of chastity, from crusading
bishops to holy kings. They also consider the extent to which lay
and clerical understandings of masculinity existed in an unstable
dialectical relationship, at times sharing similar features, at
others pointedly different, co-opting and rejecting features of the
other; the articles show this interplay to be more far more
complicated than a simple linear narrative of either increasing
divergence, or of clerical colonization of lay masculinity. They
also challenge conventional historiographies of the adoption of
clerical celibacy, of the decline of monasticism and the gendered
nature of piety. Patricia Cullum is Head of History at the
University of Huddersfield; Katherine J. Lewis is Senior Lecturer
in History at the University of Huddersfield. Contributors: James
G. Clark, P.H. Cullum, Kirsten A. Fenton, Joanna Huntington,
Katherine J. Lewis, Matthew Mesley, Catherine Sanok, Michael L.
Satlow, Rachel Stone, Jennifer D. Thibodeaux, Marita von
Weissenberg
Ovid is perhaps the most important surviving Latin poet and his
work has influenced writers throughout the world to the present
day. This volume presents a groundbreaking series of essays on his
reception across in the Middle Ages. The collection includes
contributions from distinguished Ovidians as well as leading
specialists in medieval Latin and vernacular literature, clerical
and extra-clerical culture and medieval art, and addresses
questions of manuscript and textual transmission, translation,
adaptation and imitation. It also explores the intersecting
cultural contexts of the schools (monastic and secular), courts and
literate lay households. It elaborates the scale and scope of the
enthusiasm for Ovid in medieval Europe, following readers of the
canon from the Carolingian monasteries to the early schools of the
Ile de France and on into clerical and curial milieux in Italy,
Spain, the British Isles and even the Byzantine Empire.
First full-scale guide to the origins and development of the early
printed book, and the issues associated with it. The history of the
book is now recognized as a field of central importance for
understanding the cultural changes that swept through Tudor
England. This companion aims to provide a comprehensive guide to
the issues relevant to theearly printed book, covering the
significant cultural, social and technological developments from
1476 (the introduction of printing to England) to 1558 (the death
of Mary Tudor). Divided into thematic sections (the printed
booktrade; the book as artefact; patrons, purchasers and producers;
and the cultural capital of print), it considers the social,
historical, and cultural context of the rise of print, with the
problems as well as advantages of the transmission from manuscript
to print. the printers of the period; the significant Latin trade
and its effect on the English market; paper, types, bindings, and
woodcuts and other decorative features which create the packaged
book; and the main sponsors and consumers of the printed book:
merchants, the lay clientele, secular and religious clergy, and the
two Universities, as well as secular colleges and chantries.
Further topics addressed include humanism, women translators, and
the role of censorship and the continuity of Catholic publishing
from that time. The book is completed with a chronology and
detailed indices. VINCENT GILLESPIE is J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of
English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford; SUSAN
POWELL held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University
of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of
London and York. Contributors: Tamara Atkin, Alan Coates, Thomas
Betteridge, Julia Boffey, James Clark, A.S.G. Edwards, Martha W.
Driver, Mary Erler, Alexandra Gillespie, Vincent Gillespie, Andrew
Hope, Brenda Hosington, Susan Powell, Pamela Robinson, AnneF.
Sutton, Daniel Wakelin, James Willoughby, Lucy Wooding
First full-scale guide to the origins and development of the early
printed book, and the issues associated with it. The history of the
book is now recognized as a field of central importance for
understanding the cultural changes that swept through Tudor
England. This companion aims to provide a comprehensive guide to
the issues relevant to theearly printed book, covering the
significant cultural, social and technological developments from
1476 (the introduction of printing to England) to 1558 (the death
of Mary Tudor). Divided into thematic sections (the printed
booktrade; the book as artefact; patrons, purchasers and producers;
and the cultural capital of print), it considers the social,
historical, and cultural context of the rise of print, with the
problems as well as advantages of the transmission from manuscript
to print. the printers of the period; the significant Latin trade
and its effect on the English market; paper, types, bindings, and
woodcuts and other decorative features which create the packaged
book; and the main sponsors and consumers of the printed book:
merchants, the lay clientele, secular and religious clergy, and the
two Universities, as well as secular colleges and chantries.
Further topics addressed include humanism, women translators, and
the role of censorship and the continuity of Catholic publishing
from that time. The book is completed with a chronology and
detailed indices. Vincent Gillespie is J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of
English Literature and Language at the University of Oxford; Susan
Powell held a Chair in Medieval Texts and Culture at the University
of Salford, and is currently affiliated to the Universities of
London and York. Contributors: Tamara Atkin, Alan Coates, Thomas
Betteridge, Julia Boffey, James Clark, A.S.G. Edwards, Martha W.
Driver, Mary Erler, Alexandra Gillespie, Vincent Gillespie, Andrew
Hope, Brenda Hosington, Susan Powell, Pamela Robinson, AnneF.
Sutton, Daniel Wakelin, James Willoughby, Lucy Wooding
A comprehensive survey of the origins, development, and influence
of the most important monastic orders in the middle ages. The men
and women that followed the sixth-century customs of Benedict of
Nursia (c.480-c.547) formed the most enduring, influential,
numerous and widespread religious order of the Latin middle ages.
Their liturgical practice, andtheir acquired taste for learning,
served as a model for the medieval church as a whole: while new
orders arose, they took some of their customs, and their observant
and spiritual outlook, from the Regula Benedicti. The Benedictines
may also be counted among the founders of medieval Europe. In many
regions of the continent they created, or consolidated, the first
Christian communities; they also directed the development of their
social organisation,economy, and environment, and exerted a
powerful influence on their emerging cultural and intellectual
trends. This book, the first comparative study of its kind, follows
the Benedictine Order over eleven centuries, from their early
diaspora to the challenge of continental reformation. JAMES G.
CLARK is Professor of History, University of Exeter.
A Monastic Renaissance at St Albans is a study of intellectual life
at the abbey of St Albans - one of Britain's greatest Benedictine
monasteries - during the lifetime of Thomas Walsingham
(c.1340-1422), one of the most prolific scholars of the later
middle ages. It has always been assumed that the monasteries fell
into decline long before the dissolution and that cultural and
intellectual activities were largely abandoned as the monks
surrendered themselves to high living and low morals. This study
challenges this view. Drawing on a wide variety of manuscript
sources, it shows that education, independent study, and even the
co-ordinated copying of books continued to flourish at St Albans
(and its affiliate houses) for much of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries. In fact the abbey emerged as one of the country's most
influential centres of learning, a clearing-house for books and
ideas in Ricardian and Lancastrian England. Thomas Walsingham
himself played a key part in this renaissance in monastic studies;
his works were copied and circulated throughout the St Albans
network and his influence acted upon the next generation of
monastic readers and writers. Walsingham was not only a compiler of
contemporary chronicles but also a Classical scholar of
extraordinary originality. His commentary on Ovid's Metamorphoses,
his re-working of the histories of Alexander of Macedon and the
Trojan War, and his Genealogia deorum gentilium, are discussed in
detail here for the first time. Walsingham's interest in the
Classics was shared by many of his St Albans colleagues, and they
in turn were members of a wider circle of literary scholars, which
included the London schoolmaster, John Seward. The work of these
scholars, monastic and secular, points towards a revival of
Classical and literary scholarship in England long before Italian
humanism and other traces of the continental Renaissance first
found their way into the country.
Essays offering new approaches to the changing forms of medieval
religious masculinity. The complex relationship between masculinity
and religion, as experienced in both the secular and ecclesiastical
worlds, forms the focus for this volume, whose range encompasses
the rabbis of the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmud,and moves via
Carolingian and Norman France, Siena, Antioch, and high and late
medieval England to the eve of the Reformation. Chapters
investigate the creation and reconstitution of different
expressions of masculine identity, from the clerical enthusiasts
for marriage to the lay practitioners of chastity, from crusading
bishops to holy kings. They also consider the extent to which lay
and clerical understandings of masculinity existed in an unstable
dialectical relationship, at times sharing similar features, at
others pointedly different, co-opting and rejecting features of the
other; the articles show this interplay to be more far more
complicated than a simple linear narrative of either increasing
divergence, or of clerical colonization of lay masculinity. They
also challenge conventional historiographies of the adoption of
clerical celibacy, of the decline of monasticism and the gendered
nature of piety. P.H. CULLUM is Student Experience Co-ordinator for
Music, Humanities and Media at the University of Huddersfield;
KATHERINE J. LEWIS is Senior Lecturer in History at the University
of Huddersfield. Contributors: James G. Clark, P.H. Cullum, Kirsten
A. Fenton, Joanna Huntington, Katherine J. Lewis, Matthew Mesley,
Catherine Sanok, Michael L. Satlow, Rachel Stone, Jennifer D.
Thibodeaux, Marita von Weissenberg
An investigation into the role of the high-ranking churchman in
this period - who they were, what they did, and how they perceived
themselves. High ecclesiastical office in the Middle Ages
inevitably brought power, wealth and patronage. The essays in this
volume examine how late medieval and Renaissance prelates deployed
the income and influence of their offices, how they understood
their role, and how they were viewed by others. Focusing primarily
on but not exclusively confined to England, this collection
explores the considerable common ground between cardinals, bishops
and monastic superiors.Leading authorities on the late medieval and
sixteenth-century Church analyse the political, cultural and
pastoral activities of high-ranking churchmen, and consider how
episcopal and abbatial expenditure was directed, justifiedand
perceived. Overall, the collection enhances our understanding of
ecclesiastical wealth and power in an era when the concept and role
of the prelate were increasingly contested. Dr Martin Heale is
Senior Lecturer inLate Medieval History, University of Liverpool.
Contributors: Martin Heale, Michael Carter, James G. Clark, Gwilym
Dodd, Felicity Heal, Anne Hudson, Emilia Jamroziak, Cedric Michon,
Elizabeth A. New, Wendy Scase, Benjamin Thompson, C.M. Woolgar
New essays on the monastic life in the later middle ages show that
far from being in decline, it remained rich and vibrant. In recent
years there has been an increasing interest in the history of the
numerous houses of monks, canons and nuns which existed in the
medieval British Isles, considering them in their wider
socio-cultural-economic context; historians are now questioning
some of the older assumptions about monastic life in the later
Middle Ages, and setting new approaches and new agenda. The present
volume reflects these new trends. Its fifteen chapters assess
diverseaspects of monastic history, focusing on the wide range of
contacts which existed between religious communities and the laity
in the later medieval British Isles, covering a range of different
religious orders and houses. This period has often been considered
to represent a general decline of the regular life; but on the
contrary, the essays here demonstrate that there remained a rich
monastic culture which, although different from that of earlier
centuries, remained vibrant. CONTRIBUTORS: KAREN STOBER, JULIE
KERR, EMILIA JAMROZIAK, MARTIN HEALE, COLMAN O CLABAIGH, ANDREW
ABRAM, MICHAEL HICKS, JANET BURTON, KIMM PERKINS-CURRAN, JAMES
CLARK, GLYN COPPACK, JENS ROHRKASTEN, SHEILA SWEETINBURGH, NICHOLAS
ORME, CLAIRE CROSS
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