This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Health Information Science, HIS 2016, held in Shanghai, China, in November 2016. The 13 full papers and 9 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The scope of the papers includes medical/health/biomedicine information resources such as patient medical records, devices and equipments, software and tools to capture, store, retrieve, process, analyze, and optimize the use of information in the health domain; data management, data mining, and knowledge discovery, all of which play a key role in decision making, management of public health, examination of standards, privacy and security issues; computer visualization and artificial intelligence for computer aided diagnosis; development of new architectures and applications for health information systems.