The French Revolution sought to change daily life itself. This book looks at the thirteen years between 1789-1802 that experienced the Terror, banning of the aristocracy, and the rearrangement of the calendar. No part of French life was left untouched during this incredible period of turmoil and warfare, from women's role in the family to men's role in the state. Art and theater were invigorated and harnessed for political purposes. Subtleties in one's dress could mean the difference between life and death. The first modern mass army was created. Chapters include the physical make-up of France; the social and political background of the revolution; the First Republic; religion, church and state; urban life; rural life; family life; the fringe society; clothes and fashion; food and drink; the role of women; military life; education; health and medicine; and writers, artists, musicians and entertainment. Anderson breathes life into the day-to-day lives of those living during the French Revolution. Greenwood's Daily Life through History series looks at the everyday lives of common people. This book will illuminate the lives of those living during the French Revolution and provide a basis for further research. Black and white photographs, maps, and charts are interspersed throughout the text to assist readers. Reference features include a timeline of historic events, glossaries of terms and names, an annotated bibliography of print and electronic resources suitable for high school and college student research, and an index.

On the morning of July 18, 1936, the Western World awoke to a new and threatening development in European affairs. A cabal of generals in Spain had rebelled against the legitimate and democratically elected Republican government. While the conflict had its own unique Spanish causes, this was not just another military uprising. The Spanish Civil War served as the opening act of World War II. The Spanish insurgents received immediate military aid from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Soviet Russia supported The Republic, but the democratic countries of Europe and the United States opted for neutrality, denying military aid to either side. Spanish society disintegrated, and thousands were killed. The world was transfixed; the Civil War was the focal point of the mid-1930s, and ordinary people in all walks of life took sides in the highly charged emotional atmosphere. Though the conflict ended some 60 years ago, its violent events still resonate in Spain. This all-in-one reference guide to the Spanish Civil War includes nine essays on various aspects of the conflict, including: Politics and social revolution International reaction Women Artists Writers Educators The war's aftermath And more Brief biographies of major figures ranging from "La Pasionara" to Franco are included, as well as primary documents in translation, a timeline, a glossary, maps, and photos. For students, researchers, and general readers, this is the ideal place to begin investigating this exceedingly complex, fascinating, and ultimately tragic period in 20th century history.

The life of persecuted minorities, as well as that of the wealthy and the ordinary people of Spain during the Spanish Inquisition, comes alive in this illuminating account. For three and a half centuries, the Inquisition permeated every aspect of daily life in early modern Spain. This history depicts in graphic terms the dangers faced by Jews and Muslims and their suffering at the hands of the Inquisitors, as well as the struggle for survival of the lower classes and the ostentatious display of wealth of the high nobility. Set against the political, religious, social, economic, and cultural events of the time, it presents a balanced account, rich in detail, of the daily activities of the Spanish people during this period. Each chapter offers a succinct perspective of life during early modern Spain, covering the political and social setting, the Church, the Inquisition, Jews and Conversos, Muslims and Moriscos, the court, urban and rural life, family life, clothes and fashions, food, arts and entertainment, military life, education, and health and medicine. All these aspects of life are discussed in the context of a society experiencing profound internal conflicts arising from matters of religion, class, gender, and ethnic prejudice. Interwoven in the text is a discussion of relevant political and economic events that helped to shape the times, as well as comments from both contemporary Spanish writers and foreign visitors who witnessed firsthand the conditions and attitudes of the people. More than 40 illustrations, a timeline of important events, a list of Spanish rulers during the centuries of the Inquisition, a glossary, and a bibliography add value to the narrative.

This broad exploration captures the lives of ordinary people during the turbulent period that transformed early Modern Europe. Organized thematically, Daily Life during the Reformation covers the hectic and tumultuous years between 1517 and 1648, allowing readers to discover what it was like for ordinary people during this critical period and to compare events and living conditions in early Modern Europe with those of today. With the help of eyewitness accounts, the book focuses on the lives of the people, the conditions in which they lived and died, their roles in the unfolding events of the Reformation, and the Reformation's effects on them. Leading protagonists are described, as are their beliefs and the impact of those beliefs on the population in general and in particular cases. The book also explores, for example, the medical practice of the time, which, while not considered black magic, was close to it.

This informative, concise, and engagingly written work provides the most up-to-date history of Portugal, current through 1999, and gives a full picture of the political, social, cultural, and economic influences that shaped the history of Portugal. Covering the period from Portugal's early conception as a nation through its long history, with emphasis on the dramatic period of the last several decades, this volume culminates with the demise of the Salazar dictatorship and the independence of its colonies. Complete with a timeline for easy reference to events, brief biographies of important people, lists of monarchs and heads of state, and a bibliographic essay, it is the ideal companion for the student or interested reader.

In nine chapters, Anderson discusses the geography of Portugal, its prehistoric antecedents, its formation as a nation, and the events that once made it a world leader in exploration, discovery, and imperial power. How and why the country was drawn into the orbit of its large neighbor, Spain, lost much of its empire, and yet managed to regain its independence are examined, along with the trials and tribulations encountered on its journey from monarchy to modern republic. The discussion presents the factors that kept Portugal one of the poorest nations in Europe for most of its existence and the reasons that it is now, leading into the 21st century, closing the economic gap with wealthier nations.

Software Defined Networking: Design and Deployment provides a comprehensive treatment of software defined networking (SDN) suitable for new network managers and experienced network professionals. Presenting SDN in context with more familiar network services and challenges, this accessible text: Explains the importance of virtualization, particularly the impact of virtualization on servers and networks Addresses SDN, with an emphasis on the network control plane Discusses SDN implementation and the impact on service providers, legacy networks, and network vendors Contains a case study on Google's initial implementation of SDN Investigates OpenFlow, the hand-in-glove partner of SDN Looks forward toward more programmable networks and the languages needed to manage these environments Software Defined Networking: Design and Deployment offers a unique perspective of the business case and technology motivations for considering SDN solutions. By identifying the impact of SDN on traffic management and the potential for network service growth, this book instills the knowledge needed to manage current and future demand and provisioning for SDN.

Software Defined Networking: Design and Deployment provides a comprehensive treatment of software defined networking (SDN) suitable for new network managers and experienced network professionals. Presenting SDN in context with more familiar network services and challenges, this accessible text: Explains the importance of virtualization, particularly the impact of virtualization on servers and networks Addresses SDN, with an emphasis on the network control plane Discusses SDN implementation and the impact on service providers, legacy networks, and network vendors Contains a case study on Google's initial implementation of SDN Investigates OpenFlow, the hand-in-glove partner of SDN Looks forward toward more programmable networks and the languages needed to manage these environments Software Defined Networking: Design and Deployment offers a unique perspective of the business case and technology motivations for considering SDN solutions. By identifying the impact of SDN on traffic management and the potential for network service growth, this book instills the knowledge needed to manage current and future demand and provisioning for SDN.

The evident rapid expansion of scientific work and intense interest in both experimental and clinical aspects of new drug delivery systems provided strong motivation for planning this symposium. In designing the program, speakers were identified for their particular expertise in a wide range of topics such as dermal delivery systems, pro-drugs, oral prolonged release, rate-controlled drug delivery, the pharmacokinetics of drug release systems, the synthesis of polymeric drug carriers and the refinement of drug delivery pumps. Because of the considerable involvement of diverse scientists from laboratories around the world where investigations relevant to the topic are now being pursued, a deliberate effort was made to invite international leaders in the field to share their knowledge and experimental outcomes. Thus, plenary papers and panel discussions were offered by organic chemists, bioengineers, patholo gists, material scientists, physical chemists, and pharmacokineti cists from academic and industrial laboratories in some dozen countries. This book which records the presentations offered at the sym posium covers a broad array of topics ranging from general overviews of the physicochemical concepts and analytical methodology which underpin the refinement of drug delivery systems and the tissue responses associated with the use of such systems through detailed discussions of a variety of current approaches employed in the development of new systems.

Trade has long been-and will continue to be-a driving force that shapes our world. This book documents the tremendous importance of trade throughout history and its influence toward peaceful coexistence among nations. From ancient to modern times, trade has played an integral role in connecting disparate cultures and places on the earth-indeed, the existence of commercial trade across human civilization means that "globalization" is hardly a recent phenomenon or trend. Daily Life through Trade: Buying and Selling in World History documents how the importance of trade has made it the catalyst for migration, exploration, cultural interchange, and unfortunately, conflict and war throughout history. Author James M. Anderson describes the history of trade and traders' lives, examining how commerce had important consequences in various regions of the world and addressing a wide range of topics, such as fair trade, the World Trade Organization, and the role of trade in sparking world wars. The book's coverage ranges from the earliest times to the present day, and serves not only as an excellent general reference for history students and general readers, but also as valuable supplementary reading for those enrolled in courses in economics and business.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Twelve Letters, Addressed To The Right Honourable Spencer Perceval: Wherein A View Is Taken Of The Present Magnitude Of The British Navy, The Royal Establishments For Its Equipment And Reception, Compared With Those At Different Periods Of Its Strength And With The Demands The Country Now Has ... James Manderson, Spencer Perceval Printed for Thomas Underwood, T. Hamilton, and Sherwood, Neely, & Jones, 1812 History; Europe; Great Britain; Great Britain; History / Europe / Great Britain; History / Military / Naval

This Philadelphia study finds that appointed counsel, public defenders reduce their clients' murder conviction rate by 19%, lower the probability that their clients receive a life sentence by 62%, and reduce overall expected time served in prison by 24%.

No-fault regimes, a formerly popular alternative to the tort compensation system for auto-accident victims, have gradually lost support. Over time, premiums and claim costs have grown in no-fault states relative to other states, primarily driven by explosive medical cost increases. No-fault and tort states have also converged across many domains affecting costs, including excess claiming, litigation patterns, and noneconomic-damage payments.