Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Essays reflecting the present state of Layamon studies, identifying problems and outlining current directions in research. This volume investigates the problems with which the contemporary reader of Layamon's Brut is faced: To what extent is the archaic feel of the Brut part of a deliberate aesthetic strategy of Layamon's? For what sortof audience could it have been written? How can one define its relation to older or more recent texts and traditions? What ideological stance (if any) is to be deduced from the work? The seventeen articles in this book tackle the different issues from a variety of fields: codicology and palaeography; Linguistics, stylists and syntax; the socio-political dimension of the work and its possible audience; the tradition upon which Layamon was drawing, and his contribution to later writers; literary theory and more general issues such as gender and spatial symbolism in the Brut. A number of essays present a synthesis of points of view, specifically intended to provide students with a yardstick against which to measure the more controversial articlesin the volume. Contributors: MARIE-FRANCOISE ALAMICHEL, ROSAMUND ALLEN, STEPHEN K. BREHE, BETH BRYAN, ARTHUR WAYNE GLOWKA, MARSHAL S. GRANT, DOUGLAS MOFFAT, YOKO IYEIRI, LESLEY JOHNSON, FRANCOICE LE SAUX, JAMES I. McNELIS III, JAMES NOBLE, HERBERT PILCH, JANE ROBERTS, ERIC G. STANLEY, CAROLE WEINBERG, KELLEY M. WICKHAM-CROWLEY, NEIL WRIGHT Dr FRANCOISE LE SAUXlectures in Medieval English language and literature at the University of Lausanne.

Studies of the influence of the middle ages on aspects of European and American life and culture from 16c to the present day. The eleven essays in this volume are studies of specific instances of the influence and impact of the middle ages on Western life and culture from the sixteenth century to the present day. They cover a wide range of topics -literature, stylistics, lexicography, art, the cinema, philosophy, history and myth-making, oral traditions, feminist issues - and reflect the enduring influence of the middle ages on European art and life. Dr MARIE-FRANCOISE ALAMICHEL is lecturer in English at the University of Paris IV-Sorbonne; the late DEREK BREWER was Emeritus Professor of English, University of Cambridge. Contributors: CLAIRE VIAL, DERICK S. THOMSON, KEES DEKKER, ERIC G. STANLEY, FLORENCE BOURGNE, RENATE HAAS, DEREK BREWER, LAURA KENDRICK, RENE GALLET, JAMES NOBLE, SANDRA GORGIEVSKI.

Project X CODE is a book-by-book series built for SEN and struggling readers aged 6-11. Welcome to Micro World, invented by Macro Marvel - an amazing theme park where you have to shrink to get in! Disaster strikes when CODE, the computer that controls the park and the robots inside, goes wrong and wants to shrink the world. Team X and Mini Marvel have a new mission - to battle the BITEs, collect the CODE keys, rescue Macro Marvel, stop CODE, and save the world! Each book contains 2 texts: Text 1 is 100% decodable to build reading confidence, and Text 2 is at least 80% decodable, including the same target phonemes and Tricky words but with more varied vocabulary to develop comprehension and motivate struggling readers. In Marvel Towers, Mini makes a shocking discovery in A Shock for Mini. In A BITE Inside, Team X go into Macro Marvel's body to find a BITE. There's an exciting chase in Mission Marvel, and the BITE is defeated in Race Against Time. In CODE Control, Team X face CODE in a thrilling conclusion. They meet the worst BITE yet in CODE's Countdown and plan how to defeat it in The Last BITE. In Eye to Eye, their plan fails. CODE is finally stopped in Stop CODE! . . .or is it?

The Transactions on Pattern Languages of Programming subline aims to publish papers on patterns and pattern languages as applied to software design, development, and use, throughout all phases of the software life cycle, from requirements and design to implementation, maintenance and evolution. The primary focus of this LNCS Transactions subline is on patterns, pattern collections, and pattern languages themselves. The journal also includes reviews, survey articles, criticisms of patterns and pattern languages, as well as other research on patterns and pattern languages. This book, the third volume in the Transactions on Pattern Languages of Programming series, presents five papers that have been through a careful peer review process involving both pattern experts and domain experts. The papers present various pattern languages and a study of applying patterns and represent some of the best work that has been carried out in design patterns and pattern languages of programming over the last few years.

This book presents a survey of the state-of-the-art on techniques for dealing with aliasing in object-oriented programming. It marks the 20th anniversary of the paper The Geneva Convention On The Treatment of Object Aliasing by John Hogg, Doug Lea, Alan Wills, Dennis de Champeaux and Richard Holt. The 22 revised papers were carefully reviewed to ensure the highest quality.The contributions are organized in topical sections on the Geneva convention, ownership, concurrency, alias analysis, controlling effects, verification, programming languages, and visions.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP 2012, held in Beijing, China, in June 2012. The 27 revised full papers presented together with two keynote lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 140 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on extensibility, language evaluation, ownership and initialisation, language features, special-purpose analyses, javascript, hardcore theory, modularity, updates and interference, general-purpose analyses.

From conception to birth is traditionally nine months. The first emails regarding the volume you now hold in your hands-or the bits you have downloaded onto your screen-are dated 11 June 2005. From conception to birth has taken over four years. Springer's LNCS Transactions on Pattern Languages of Programming is dedicated, first and foremost, to promoting, promulgating, presenting, describing, critiquing, interrogating, and evaluating all aspects of the use of patterns in programming. In the 15 years or so since Gamma, Helm, Johnson, Vlissides's Design Patterns became widely available, software patterns have become a highly effective means of improving the quality of programming, software engineering, system design, and development. Patterns capture the best practices of software design, making them available to everyone participating in the production of software. A key goal of the Transactions Series is to present material that is validated. Every contributed paper that appears in this volume has been reviewed by both patterns experts and domain experts, by researchers and practitioners. This reviewing process begins long before the paper is even submitted to Transactions. Every paper in the Series is first presented and critiqued at one of the Pattern Languages of Programming (PLoP) conferences held annually around the world. Prior to the conference, each submitted paper is assigned a shepherd who works with the authors to improve the paper. Based on several rounds of feedback, a paper may proceed to a writers' workshop at the conference itself.

The micro-friends are being chased by the Krools. Find out if they can escape the heat-seeking gel boomerangs and reach Planet Moxor in Space Hunt. Ant, Tiger and Seven are alone in a desert on Planet Moxor. They take shelter in a cave, but have they made the right decision? Find out in The Deadly Cave. Can Max, Cat and Nok make it through the treacherous cactus forest, escape the Krools and find their friends? Find out in Grumptus Attack. Our heroes enter The Mines of Moxor in their quest to save their friend, Seven, and find the fragment of Exis. Will they succeed? In The Contest, Max has to race the Moxorian champion in a deadly contest, but who will win? The micro-friends return to Planet Exis with the four fragments. Will they be able to re-form the Core, or will Badlaw get in the way? Find out in Return to Exis. Each book comes with notes on the inside front and back covers for teachers, TAs and parents/carers, which give question prompts and points for discussion, challenge words, and additional activities that children can do.

The micro-friends are being chased by the Krools. Find out if they can escape the heat-seeking gel boomerangs and reach Planet Moxor in Space Hunt. Ant, Tiger and Seven are alone in a desert on Planet Moxor. They take shelter in a cave, but have they made the right decision? Find out in The Deadly Cave. Can Max, Cat and Nok make it through the treacherous cactus forest, escape the Krools and find their friends? Find out in Grumptus Attack. Our heroes enter The Mines of Moxor in their quest to save their friend, Seven, and find the fragment of Exis. Will they succeed? In The Contest, Max has to race the Moxorian champion in a deadly contest, but who will win? The micro-friends return to Planet Exis with the four fragments. Will they be able to re-form the Core, or will Badlaw get in the way? Find out in Return to Exis. Each book comes with notes on the inside front and back covers for teachers, TAs and parents/carers, which give question prompts and points for discussion, challenge words, and additional activities that children can do.

Project X Origins is a ground-breaking guided reading programme for the whole school. This exciting Graphic Texts pack includes action-packed stories, fascinating non-fiction, carefully selected poetry and comprehensive guided reading support to meet the needs of children at every stage of their reading development. Each book contains inside cover notes with advice on supporting older children with their reading, ideas for follow-up activities and higher-level comprehension questions. Project X Origins guided reading notes offer step-by-step teaching support for each book with guidance about comprehension, vocabulary, fluency, spelling, punctuation, grammar and writing. Each set of notes has in-built assessment and is fully correlated to all UK curricula. This pack contains 1 set of guided reading notes and 4 reading books, 1 each of: The Jurchen Recruits, Treasure Island, The Pied Piper of Hamelin, Great Space Explorers.

Project X Alien Adventures takes you on an incredible reading journey with these 8 fantastic stories featuring the popular Project X characters Max, Cat, Ant and Tiger. Carefully levelled and highly motivating, these books are ideal for independent reading. This pack contains 1 copy of each of the following titles: The Way Between Worlds, The Hidden Fortress, The Cyber Patrol, The Path Through the Woods, The Contestants, The Last Stand, Reign of the Practari, The Rip in the Wardrobe. Each book contains notes on the inside front and back covers with advice for supporting older children with their reading, questions for readers, and a range of follow-up activities to help children develop their higher level comprehension and writing skills.

Blast off on the biggest micro-adventure yet with these 12 fantastic stories featuring the popular Project X characters Max, Cat, Ant and Tiger and their new alien micro-friend, Nok. Carefully levelled and highly motivating, these books are ideal for independent reading. This pack contains 1 copy of each of the following 12 titles at Brown Book Band: The Destroyer, Space Rat Rescue, Crunch Time!, The Moon WinderR, Space Vultures, The Planet of Bones, Starmite Swarm, The Giants of Ariddas, The Craggrox Awake, Attack of the Blobs, The Image Maker, and Battle with Badlaw. Each book contains notes on the inside front and back covers that highlight challenge words and prompt questions, and offer a range of follow-up activities to support children in their reading and comprehension skills.

Blast off on the biggest micro-adventure yet with the popular Project X characters Max, Cat, Ant and Tiger and their new alien micro-friend, Nok. Carefully levelled and highly motivating, this book is ideal for independent reading. The Excelsa encounters a swarm of starmites robotic space locusts that eat metal! The micro-friends try to fly away, but one of the starmites lands on the ship and starts eating the hull. Max and Ant have to go on a spacewalk to try to shut the bug down. Will they be able to stop the starmite before it chews their ship to pieces? This book also contains notes on the inside front and back covers that highlight challenge words, prompt questions and give a follow-up activity to support children in their reading and comprehension skills.

Blast off on the biggest micro-adventure yet with these 12 fantastic stories featuring the popular Project X characters Max, Cat, Ant and Tiger and their new robot micro-friend, Eight. Carefully levelled and highly motivating, these books are ideal for independent reading. This pack contains 1 copy of each of the following 12 titles at Grey Book Band: Badlaws Revenge, The Rats of Rolia, Trapped in Time, Double Cross, The Rust Monster, Pit-stop Peril, The Red Cutlass, Cyberbee Break Out, Operation Holotanium, An Ancient Enemy, The Fury of Vogossr, and The Waythroo Wormhole. Each book contains notes on the inside front and back covers that highlight challenge words and prompt questions, and offer a range of follow-up activities to support children in their reading and comprehension skills.

Project X CODE is a book-by-book series built for SEN and struggling readers aged 6-11. Welcome to Micro World, invented by Macro Marvel - an amazing theme park where you have to shrink to get in! Disaster strikes when CODE, the computer that controls the park and the robots inside, goes wrong and wants to shrink the world. Team X and Mini Marvel have a new mission - to battle the BITEs, collect the CODE keys, rescue Macro Marvel, stop CODE, and save the world! Each book contains 2 texts: Text 1 is 100% decodable to build reading confidence, and Text 2 is at least 80% decodable, including the same target phonemes and Tricky words but with more varied vocabulary to develop comprehension and motivate struggling readers. In Marvel Towers, Mini makes a shocking discovery in A Shock for Mini. In A BITE Inside, Team X go into Macro Marvel's body to find a BITE. There's an exciting chase in Mission Marvel, and the BITE is defeated in Race Against Time. In CODE Control, Team X face CODE in a thrilling conclusion. They meet the worst BITE yet in CODE's Countdown and plan how to defeat it in The Last BITE. In Eye to Eye, their plan fails. CODE is finally stopped in Stop CODE! . . .or is it?

Project X CODE is a book-by-book series built for SEN and struggling readers aged 6-11. Welcome to Micro World, invented by Macro Marvel - an amazing theme park where you have to shrink to get in! Disaster strikes when CODE, the computer that controls the park and the robots inside, goes wrong and wants to shrink the world. Team X and Mini Marvel have a new mission - to battle the BITEs, collect the CODE keys, rescue Macro Marvel, stop CODE, and save the world! Each book contains 2 texts: Text 1 is 100% decodable to build reading confidence, and Text 2 is at least 80% decodable, including the same target phonemes and Tricky words but with more varied vocabulary to develop comprehension and motivate struggling readers. In Marvel Towers, Mini makes a shocking discovery in A Shock for Mini. In A BITE Inside, Team X go into Macro Marvel's body to find a BITE. There's an exciting chase in Mission Marvel, and the BITE is defeated in Race Against Time. In CODE Control, Team X face CODE in a thrilling conclusion. They meet the worst BITE yet in CODE's Countdown and plan how to defeat it in The Last BITE. In Eye to Eye, their plan fails. CODE is finally stopped in Stop CODE! . . .or is it?

Project X CODE is a book-by-book series built for SEN and struggling readers aged 6-11. Welcome to Micro World, invented by Macro Marvel - an amazing theme park where you have to shrink to get in! Disaster strikes when CODE, the computer that controls the park and the robots inside, goes wrong and wants to shrink the world. Team X and Mini Marvel have a new mission - to battle the BITEs, collect the CODE keys, rescue Macro Marvel, stop CODE, and save the world! Each book contains 2 texts: Text 1 is 100% decodable to build reading confidence, and Text 2 is at least 80% decodable, including the same target phonemes and Tricky words but with more varied vocabulary to develop comprehension and motivate struggling readers. In Marvel Towers, Mini makes a shocking discovery in A Shock for Mini. In A BITE Inside, Team X go into Macro Marvel's body to find a BITE. There's an exciting chase in Mission Marvel, and the BITE is defeated in Race Against Time. In CODE Control, Team X face CODE in a thrilling conclusion. They meet the worst BITE yet in CODE's Countdown and plan how to defeat it in The Last BITE. In Eye to Eye, their plan fails. CODE is finally stopped in Stop CODE! . . .or is it?

Project X CODE is a book-by-book series built for SEN and struggling readers aged 6-11. Welcome to Micro World, invented by Macro Marvel - an amazing theme park where you have to shrink to get in! Disaster strikes when CODE, the computer that controls the park and the robots inside, goes wrong and wants to shrink the world. Team X and Mini Marvel have a new mission - to battle the BITEs, collect the CODE keys, rescue Macro Marvel, stop CODE, and save the world! Each book contains 2 texts: Text 1 is 100% decodable to build reading confidence, and Text 2 is at least 80% decodable, including the same target phonemes and Tricky words but with more varied vocabulary to develop comprehension and motivate struggling readers. In Marvel Towers, Mini makes a shocking discovery in A Shock for Mini. In A BITE Inside, Team X go into Macro Marvel's body to find a BITE. There's an exciting chase in Mission Marvel, and the BITE is defeated in Race Against Time. In CODE Control, Team X face CODE in a thrilling conclusion. They meet the worst BITE yet in CODE's Countdown and plan how to defeat it in The Last BITE. In Eye to Eye, their plan fails. CODE is finally stopped in Stop CODE! . . .or is it?