With the opening of borders and the aging of populations in industrialized states immigration takes on new importance. More younger workers are needed to support the social contract established with the baby boom generation, and immigration offers one practical solution. Many countries, however, have little experience with large scale immigration and, especially in the current political and economic climate, a strong resistance to it. Immigration the World Over examines immigration statutes and policies and the societal reactions to immigrants in seven industrialized nations. Comparing the experiences of these nations demonstrates how policies differ and how those policies have facilitated or complicated the accommodation of immigrant populations. Using public opinion data, crime rates, and measures of social integration, the authors go on to show how some countries absorb immigrants to positive effect by addressing worker shortages and enhancing social diversity, while others resist immigration to their detriment.

This volume presents 19 original essays addressing what is widely regarded as the most serious problem confronting America today and for years to come - terrorism - from the unique perspective of criminology. The chapters collected here address such issues as the prevention of terrorism, the applicability of community policing and routine activities models of crime to the problem of terrorism, how to balance liberty and security, and how to think about and manage the fear of terrorism, as well as the coordination of federal and local efforts to prevent and counter terrorism. Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security will be of interest to anyone concerned about violence prevention in general and terrorism in particular, policing, prosecution, adjudication, sentencing and restorative justice.

With the opening of borders and the aging of populations in industrialized states immigration takes on new importance. More younger workers are needed to support the social contract established with the baby boom generation, and immigration offers one practical solution. Many countries, however, have little experience with large scale immigration and, especially in the current political and economic climate, a strong resistance to it. Immigration the World Over examines immigration statutes and policies and the societal reactions to immigrants in seven industrialized nations. Comparing the experiences of these nations demonstrates how policies differ and how those policies have facilitated or complicated the accommodation of immigrant populations. Using public opinion data, crime rates, and measures of social integration, the authors go on to show how some countries absorb immigrants to positive effect by addressing worker shortages and enhancing social diversity, while others resist immigration to their detriment.

The prominence achieved by the novel measure of "households touched by crime" when it was introduced into the National Crime Survey (NCS) in 1981 was responsible for renewed attention to comparisons between the crime rates reported by the NCS and the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). The new NCS measure suggested that crime was declining; this at a time of widespread awareness that the UCR Index was at all-time highs. Com parisons of the NCS and UCR in The New York Times (1981) and the Washington Post (1981) had the unfortunate consequence of reviving old and usually ill-informed arguments about which is the "better" measure of "trends in crime. " More recent discrepant changes of the two measures in 1986 and 1987 rekindled the debate, although with somewhat diminished stridency. The efforts of criminological statisticians to develop an appreciation for the two statistical systems as quite different but complementary measures have suffered a setback in these debates, but an opportunity is also afforded to improve the understanding of crime statistics by officials, the media, and the public. The need remains for the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the research community to explain in quantitative terms the ways in which the two systems attend to different, albeit overlapping, aspects of the crime problem."

In Understanding Crime Statistics, Lynch and Addington draw on the work of leading experts on U.S. crime statistics to provide much-needed research on appropriate use of this data. Specifically, the contributors explore the issues surrounding divergence in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which have been the two major indicators of the level and of the change in level of crime in the United States for the past 30 years. This book examines recent changes in the UCR and the NCVS and assesses the effect these have had on divergence. By focusing on divergence, the authors encourage readers to think about how these data systems filter the reality of crime. Understanding Crime Statistics builds on this discussion of divergence to explain how the two data systems can be used as they were intended - in complementary rather than competitive ways.

In Understanding Crime Statistics, Lynch and Addington draw on the work of leading experts on U.S. crime statistics to provide much-needed research on appropriate use of this data. Specifically, the contributors explore the issues surrounding divergence in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which have been the two major indicators of the level and of the change in level of crime in the United States for the past 30 years. This book examines recent changes in the UCR and the NCVS and assesses the effect these have had on divergence. By focusing on divergence, the authors encourage readers to think about how these data systems filter the reality of crime. Understanding Crime Statistics builds on this discussion of divergence to explain how the two data systems can be used as they were intended - in complementary rather than competitive ways.

In 1934, then Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier stated that his purpose for creating the Indian Reorganization Act was to create a socialist-based "Red Atlantis" out of those Indian groups that voted to participate in and reorganize under the Act. Collier's efforts epitomized the zenith of federal paternalism both as a policy governing the American Indian as well as the promotion of a socialist-based ideological agenda. Red Atlantis was to become its metaphor. This book's goal is to depict and analyze the progressive development of Federal Indian policy beginning with the association between the colonies and provinces of pre-revolutionary America, through the early confederation and federalist stages of national political development (era of sovereignty), and the paternalistic and later socialistic stages of policy evolution (era of paternalism-assimilation) and lastly, the advent of the era of termination. Each stage occurred not in isolation from the preceding policy era, but was derived from it. It culminated with the recognized failure of the Indian Reorganization Act and the advent of a federally Congressionally-sanctioned termination policy.

Like all historical events, the story of the Town of Southhampton and its relations with the Shinnecock did not start with the first arrival of immigrants. The chain of historical events that led to the eventful 1640 meeting upon Peconic Bay began long before that June day. This story began in 1496. This historical writing focuses principally upon the relationship between what historically became known as the Shinnecock Indians, the government of Great Britain and her colonial policies, the province and later state of New York, and most importantly, the proprietors and inhabitants of the Town of Southampton, Suffolk County, New York. One premise of this writing is that the Indian populations of eastern Long Island were not ignorant of the ways of the English settlers. Edward Howell's 1640 observation that the first Indian leader that the new arrivals spoke to was conversant, to a limited degree, in the language of the new arrivals is suggestive that acculturation had preceded their arrival. It will be shown that the political leadership of the Shinnecock had more than average knowledge of English culture, mores, and most importantly, land use and ownership practices at the time of first sustained contact. A second premise is that the relationship between the Town of Southampton and its Shinnecock neighbors was, on the whole, one of peaceful co-existence. Diagrams and maps enhance the text.

Since the early 1970s, lands within the state of Connecticut have been the focus of land claims brought by state-recognized Indian groups. The compelling factor behind these claims has been the quest for Indian gaming. Land claims were being used as a political and economic tool. Are these land claims historically justified? To answer this question, the author looked back over 507 years of land relationships between Connecticut's Indian inhabitants and the colony/state of Connecticut, beginning with John Cabot's voyage to the New World. Were conveyances of Indian rights to colonists legitimate? Were land grants made by the colony to plantations and towns legal? Who actually owns the Indian reservations within Connecticut? Do the federal Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts have a legitimate historical application within this state? These are just a few of the many topics addressed in this legal study. The conclusions reached by this research may be surprising.

Who were the Schaghticoke Indians? Where did they come from? Were they native to the Kent, Connecticut area? Did they represent the amalgamation of many tribal remnants or were they the continuation of a single historical tribe? The Schaghticoke Indians a