Articles on religion and the religious during the Victorian period, showing its unity and disunity. The major themes of Catholic historiography and the history of education during the Victorian era unite the essays collected here, as is fitting for a volume honouring the work in these fields of Professor Vincent Alan McClelland.There is a particular emphasis upon the life and work of Cardinal Manning; other figures and topics considered include Father Randal Lythgoe, Cardinal Newman, the English Benedictine contribution to the British Empire, modern Scottish Catholic history, and Victorian Christianity in its various forms, as in the essays on Methodism and the Church of Ireland.

Cardinal Henry Edward Manning (1808-92) was a major figure of the nineteenth- century Church. This book follows his intellectual formation and development from his early years and Anglican ministry, through his conversion to Catholicism to his subsequent role at the First Vatican Council. This is an area of research that has hitherto attracted little attention, a neglect which is surprising given the significant role that Manning played in many of the most important ecclesiastical events of his time. As well as setting Manning's ideas against their historical background, the events in which he was involved and those which influenced his thought or upon which he exerted his influence, James Pereiro examines the deep personal crisis, both ideological and emotional, that he experienced. His study is based on a thorough research into Manning's published works and manuscript sources, many of them previously unused. A fine intellectual biography of Manning. Eamon Duffy, The Tablet This volume is a witness to a greatness discerned and understood. Sheridan Gilley, Church Times This is an exceptional study of an exceptional man. John R. Griffin, Church History Dr Pereiro has made a significant contribution to the history of the development of ideas and to the greater understanding of nineteenth-century Catholicism. V.Alan McClelland, The Catholic Historical Review Access to the sources has enabled Fr James Pereiro to produce a very perceptive and illuminating study. David Newsome, The Tablet Although Manning left us no Apologia pro vita sua of his religious opinions, Pereiro's book comes close to one. Geoffrey Rowell, The Times Literary Supplement James Pereiro is Chaplain of Grandpont House, Oxford.

James Pereiro provides a new key for a fuller and proper understanding of the Oxford Movement. Although references to ethos constantly surface in the writings and correspondence of the Tractarians, the study of the theory of religious knowledge which it implies has so far been neglected. Pereiro explores the pre-Tractarian historical circumstances, the intellectual roots of the Movement, the formation of the concept of ethos, and the influence it had in the ideological and historical development of the Movement. He also discusses in detail the formation of Newman's theory of development of Christian doctrine: the intellectual clash of ideas from which Newman's theory emerged, and the vital role played by the concept of ethos. The two appendices publish some manuscript sources of great interest for the history of Tractarianism: S. F. Wood's early theory of development of doctrine, and the negative reactions of Newman and Manning; and a long narrative description of the Oxford Movement written by Wood at the request of Newman and Pusey.