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This book not only presents the overall development of quality
function deployment (QFD) and what it has been used for to date but
a new product support orientation by which it can be employed. It
is product and service “system” focused and presents how
blending the processes and elements of supportability and analysis
into a QFD-modeled methodology can achieve optimal cost savings and
performance efficiency and effectiveness. In addition, a working
model is provided that will assist those that elect to use such an
approach to current/new product and/or service development. QFD is
widely spreading throughout the world because of its outstanding
usefulness. It is aimed to fulfill the customer’s expectation of
a product or service design. Organizations of all sizes are using
it to (1) save product and service design and development time, (2)
focus on how the product or service might satisfy the customer and
(3) improve communication at all levels of an organization during
the development process. Based on these three reasons, today's
traditional QFD can be divided into three branches and analyzed.
First, QFD can be implemented effectively for developing new
products and designs by establishing the linkage between design
stages through the manufacturing environment. However, research has
found that traditional QFD is quite weak in implementing
modifications to existing product and service design during its
predicted lifecycle. Second, most research to this point has been
squarely focused on the “voice of the customer” for
prioritizing customer needs. While certainly needed, the “voice
of the system” that is being used to produce the product/service
and how they operate during its intended life cycle has been given
less attention. Third, QFD is often viewed as overly
labor-intensive and thus costly, and, because of its team-based
development logic, manual in nature by those involved during its
development and implementation. Research has shown that life cycle
sustainment planning and support for current or proposed products
and/or services requires a seamless and balanced life cycle support
methodology. To achieve this type of support, twelve functional
elements have been identified that form the product support
infrastructure. A new approach, one that views product support as
an integrative activity where all twelve product support elements
are assessed over the entire product and/or service life cycle is
being deployed. With this deployment comes a need to ensure Key
Performance Parameters (KPPs) are achieved and functional alignment
obtained by balancing supportability element cost and provisioning
throughout the entire product and/or service lifecycle, not just
during the development stage, and to view the system as the
“customer” and thus listen to the “Voice of the System”
when assessing supportability requirements. Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) is such a tool. This book contains four sections.
Section 1 provides an initial overview of QFD origins, and history
and highlights some of its use today. It addresses how QFD fits
within the organization, increasing revenue, and reducing cost. It
outlines a step-by-step strategy for successfully deploying QFD
within the organization. Section 2 examines the evolving product
and/or service requirement, creating the design solution using QFD,
assessing supportability characteristics using QFD, and performing
functional supportability analysis using QFD. Section 3 provides a
guide for developing the life cycle supportability solution using
QFD methodology on an ongoing basis, and managing processes
throughout the systems lifecycle. Section 4 addresses using QFD in
an imperfect world and will provide insight into how to use QFD
beyond the standard “house of quality” concept.
This book not only presents the overall development of quality
function deployment (QFD) and what it has been used for to date but
a new product support orientation by which it can be employed. It
is product and service “system” focused and presents how
blending the processes and elements of supportability and analysis
into a QFD-modeled methodology can achieve optimal cost savings and
performance efficiency and effectiveness. In addition, a working
model is provided that will assist those that elect to use such an
approach to current/new product and/or service development. QFD is
widely spreading throughout the world because of its outstanding
usefulness. It is aimed to fulfill the customer’s expectation of
a product or service design. Organizations of all sizes are using
it to (1) save product and service design and development time, (2)
focus on how the product or service might satisfy the customer and
(3) improve communication at all levels of an organization during
the development process. Based on these three reasons, today's
traditional QFD can be divided into three branches and analyzed.
First, QFD can be implemented effectively for developing new
products and designs by establishing the linkage between design
stages through the manufacturing environment. However, research has
found that traditional QFD is quite weak in implementing
modifications to existing product and service design during its
predicted lifecycle. Second, most research to this point has been
squarely focused on the “voice of the customer” for
prioritizing customer needs. While certainly needed, the “voice
of the system” that is being used to produce the product/service
and how they operate during its intended life cycle has been given
less attention. Third, QFD is often viewed as overly
labor-intensive and thus costly, and, because of its team-based
development logic, manual in nature by those involved during its
development and implementation. Research has shown that life cycle
sustainment planning and support for current or proposed products
and/or services requires a seamless and balanced life cycle support
methodology. To achieve this type of support, twelve functional
elements have been identified that form the product support
infrastructure. A new approach, one that views product support as
an integrative activity where all twelve product support elements
are assessed over the entire product and/or service life cycle is
being deployed. With this deployment comes a need to ensure Key
Performance Parameters (KPPs) are achieved and functional alignment
obtained by balancing supportability element cost and provisioning
throughout the entire product and/or service lifecycle, not just
during the development stage, and to view the system as the
“customer” and thus listen to the “Voice of the System”
when assessing supportability requirements. Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) is such a tool. This book contains four sections.
Section 1 provides an initial overview of QFD origins, and history
and highlights some of its use today. It addresses how QFD fits
within the organization, increasing revenue, and reducing cost. It
outlines a step-by-step strategy for successfully deploying QFD
within the organization. Section 2 examines the evolving product
and/or service requirement, creating the design solution using QFD,
assessing supportability characteristics using QFD, and performing
functional supportability analysis using QFD. Section 3 provides a
guide for developing the life cycle supportability solution using
QFD methodology on an ongoing basis, and managing processes
throughout the systems lifecycle. Section 4 addresses using QFD in
an imperfect world and will provide insight into how to use QFD
beyond the standard “house of quality” concept.
In the wake of Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924, various
protagonists grappled to become his successor, but it was not until
1928 that Joseph Stalin emerged as leader of the Russian
Marxists’ Bolshevik wing. Surrounded by an increasingly hostile
capitalist world, Stalin reasoned that Soviet Russia had to
industrialize in order to survive and prosper. But domestic capital
was scarce, so the country’s minerals, timber, and grain were
sold abroad for hard currency for funding the development of heavy
industry. Claiming total control of agricultural management and
production, Stalin implemented the collectivization of farming,
consolidating small peasant holdings into large collective farms
and controlling their output. The program was economically
successful, but it came at a high social cost as the state
encountered intense resistance, and between 1928 and 1934
collectivization led to the deaths of at least ten million people
from starvation and associated diseases. Hungry and Starving
elicits the voices of both the culprits and the victims at the
centre of this horrific process. Through primary accounts of
collectivization as well as the eyewitness observations of
ambassadors, reporters, tourists, fellow travellers, Russian
emigrés, tsarist officials, aristocrats, scientists, and technical
specialists, James Gibson engages the crucial notions and actors in
the academic discourse of the period. He finds that the famine
lasted longer than is commonly supposed, that it took place on a
national rather than a regional scale, and that while the famine
was entirely man-made – the result of the ruthless manner in
which collectivization was executed and enforced – it was neither
deliberate nor ethnically motivated, given that it was not in the
Soviet state’s economic or political interest to engage in
genocide. Highlighting the experiences of life and death under
Stalin’s ruthless regime, Hungry and Starving offers a broader
understanding of the Great Soviet Famine.
Andrew Hill Clark (1911-1975) was responsible for much of the
recent rise of historical geography in North America. The focus on
his research was the opening of New World lands by European
peoples, and this North American experience is the subject of this
collection of essays written by eight of Clark's students. They
examine the role of a new physical and economic environment -
particularly abundant and cheap land - in the settlement of New
France, the cultural and physical problems that conditioned Russian
America, the transformation of cultural regionalism in the eastern
United States between the late colonial seaboard and the early
republican interior, the changing economic geography of rice
farming on the antebellum Southern seaboard, the interrelationships
of the European and Indian economies in the pre-conquest fur trade
of Canada, differential acculturation and ethnic territoriality
among three immigrant groups in Kansas in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries, the development in England and the
United States of similar social geographic images of the Victorian
city, and the erosion of a sense of place and community by
possessive individualism in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania. The
essays are preceded by an appreciation of Clark as an historical
geographer written by D.W. Meinig and are brought together in an
epilogue by John Warkentin. The work is an unusually consistent
Festchrift which should appeal to all interested in the patterns of
North American settlement.
In The Lifeline of the Oregon Country, James Gibson compellingly
immerses the reader in one of the most intractable problems faced
by the Hudson's Bay Company: how to realize wealth from such a
remote and formidable land. The personalities, places, obstacles,
and operations involved in the brigade system are all described in
fascinating detail, stretch by stretch from Fort St. James, the
depot of New Caledonia on the upper reaches of the Fraser River, to
Fort Vancouver, the Columbia Department's entrepot on the lower
Columbia River, and back. Never before has such a rich collection
of primary information concerning the fur trade supply system and
the constraining role of logistics been so meticulously assembled.
The Lifeline of the Oregon Country will prove indispensable to
historians, researchers, and fur trade enthusiasts alike, and is an
important contribution to our understanding of the economic history
of the Pacific Slope.
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