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Business groups - large, diversified, often family-controlled
organizations with pyramidal ownership structure, such as the
Japanese zaibatsu, the Korean chaebol and the grupos economicos in
Latin America - have played a significant role in national economic
growth, especially in emerging economies. Earlier variants can also
be found in the trading companies, often set up in Britain, which
operated in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Business groups are often criticized as premodern forms of economic
organization, and occasionally as symptomatic of corrupt 'crony
capitalism', but many have shown remarkable resilience, navigating
and adjusting to economic and political turbulence, international
competition, and technological change.
This Handbook provides a comprehensive analysis of business groups
around the world. It examines the adaptive and competitive
capabilities of business groups, and their evolutionary dynamics.
16 individual country chapters deal with business groups from Asia
to Africa, the Middle East to Latin America, while overarching
chapters consider the historical and theoretical context of
business groups. With contributions from leading experts, The
Oxford Handbook of business groups provides a comprehensive,
empirically and theoretically rich guide for scholars and
policy-makers.
Japan's economy has long been described as network-centric. A web
of stable, reciprocated relations among banks, firms, and
ministries, is thought to play an important role in Japan's ability
to navigate smoothly around economic shocks. Now those networks are
widely blamed for Japan's faltering competitiveness. This book
applies structural sociology to a study of how the form and
functioning of this network economy has evolved from the prewar era
to the late 90s. It asks whether, in the face of deregulation,
globalization, and financial disintermediation, Japan's corporate
networks - the keiretsu groupings particularly - have 'withered
away', losing their cohesion and their historical function of
supporting member firms in hard times. Using detailed quantitative
and qualitative analysis, this book's conclusion is a qualified
'yes'. Relationships remain central to the Japanese way of
business, but are much more subordinated to the competitive
strategy of the enterprise than the network economy of the past.
Japan's economy has long been described as network-centric. A web
of stable, reciprocated relations among banks, firms, and
ministries, is thought to play an important role in Japan's ability
to navigate smoothly around economic shocks. Now those networks are
widely blamed for Japan's faltering competitiveness. This book
applies structural sociology to a study of how the form and
functioning of this network economy has evolved from the prewar era
to the late 90s. It asks whether, in the face of deregulation,
globalization, and financial disintermediation, Japan's corporate
networks - the keiretsu groupings particularly - have 'withered
away', losing their cohesion and their historical function of
supporting member firms in hard times. Using detailed quantitative
and qualitative analysis, this book's conclusion is a qualified
'yes'. Relationships remain central to the Japanese way of
business, but are much more subordinated to the competitive
strategy of the enterprise than the network economy of the past.
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