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This book begins with an account of the evolution of improvised
explosive devices using a number of micro case studies to explore
how and why actors have initiated IED campaigns; how new and old
technologies and expertise have been exploited and how ethical
barriers to IED development and deployment have been dealt with. It
proceeds to bring the evidence from the case studies together to
identify themes and trends in IED development, before looking at
what can realistically be done to mitigate the threat of IEDs in
the new wars of the twenty first century. The book suggests that
the advance and availability of a combination of technological
factors, in conjunction with changes in the nature of contemporary
conflicts, have led to the emergence of IEDs as the paradigmatic
weapons of new wars. However their prevalence in contemporary and
future conflicts is not inevitable, but rather depends on the
willingness of multiple sets of actors at different levels to build
a web of preventative measures to mitigate - if not eradicate - IED
development and deployment.
This book begins with an account of the evolution of improvised
explosive devices using a number of micro case studies to explore
how and why actors have initiated IED campaigns; how new and old
technologies and expertise have been exploited and how ethical
barriers to IED development and deployment have been dealt with. It
proceeds to bring the evidence from the case studies together to
identify themes and trends in IED development, before looking at
what can realistically be done to mitigate the threat of IEDs in
the new wars of the twenty first century. The book suggests that
the advance and availability of a combination of technological
factors, in conjunction with changes in the nature of contemporary
conflicts, have led to the emergence of IEDs as the paradigmatic
weapons of new wars. However their prevalence in contemporary and
future conflicts is not inevitable, but rather depends on the
willingness of multiple sets of actors at different levels to build
a web of preventative measures to mitigate - if not eradicate - IED
development and deployment.
Continuing advances in science and technology offer the promise of
providing tools to meet global challenges in health, agriculture,
the environment, and economic development; some of the benefits are
already being realized. However, such advances have the potential
to challenge the oversight systems for responsible conduct of life
sciences research with dual use potential ? research that may have
beneficial applications but that also could be misused to cause
harm. Between June 10 and 13, 2018, more than 70 participants from
30 different countries and 5 international organizations took part
in an international workshop, The Governance of Dual Use Research
in the Life Sciences: Advancing Global Consensus on Research
Oversight, to promote global dialogue and increased common
understandings of the essential elements of governance for such
research. Hosted by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in
Zagreb, Croatia, the workshop was a collaboration among the
InterAcademy Partnership, the Croatian Academy, the Croatian
Society for Biosafety and Biosecurity, and the U.S. National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This publication
summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Governance in
Theory and Practice 3 The Current Governance Landscape 4 Workshop
Discussions References Appendix A: Agenda Appendix B: Participants
Appendix C: Committee Member Biographies Appendix D: Collaborating
Organizations Appendix E: Examples of Activities Across the
Governance Landscape Appendix F: Examples of Regional and
International Forums, Organizations, or Bodies
This report offers a summary of the substantive presentations
during an international workshop, Trends in Science and Technology
Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, held
October 31 - November 3, 2010 at the Institute of Biophysics of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is meant to provide scientists and
other technical experts with factual information about the range
and variety of topics discussed at the workshop, which may be of
interest to national governments and non-governmental organizations
as they begin to prepare for the 7th Review Conference of the
Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) in 2011. The Beijing
workshop reflected the continuing engagement by national academies
international scientific organizations, and individual scientists
and engineers in considering the biosecurity implications of
developments in the life sciences and assessing trends in science
and technology (S&T) relevant to nonproliferation. The workshop
provided an opportunity for the scientific community to discuss the
implications of relevant developments in S&T for multiple
aspects of the BWC. Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to
the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention follows the structure
of the plenary sessions at the workshop. It begins with
introductory material about the BWC and current examples of the
types and modes of science advice available to the BWC and other
international nonproliferation and disarmament agreements, in
particular the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). This report
includes only a very brief description of the some of the
post-presentation discussions held during the plenary sessions -
and does not include an account of the small breakout groups -
since these were intended to inform the committee's finding and
conclusions and will be reflected in the final report. Table of
Contents Front Matter Summary Appendix
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