An up-to-date discussion of early Christian paraenesis in its Graeco-Roman and Hellenistic Jewish contexts in the light of one hundred years of scholarship, issuing from a research project by Nordic and international scholars. The concept of paraenesis is basic to New Testament scholarship but hardly anywhere else. How is that to be explained? The concept is also, notoriously, without any agreed-upon definition and it is even contested. Can it at all be salvaged? This volume reassesses the scholarly discussion of paraenesis - both the concept and the phenomenon - since Paul Wendland and Martin Dibelius and argues for a number of ways in which it may continue to be fruitful.

The microscopic soil and plant nematodes that are parasitic on crop plants can be very damaging, and are generally not visible to the naked eye. Their microscopic size means that associating them with crop damage is mainly dependent on determining the symptoms of their effects on plants or plant growth. The damage and symptoms caused can be visible above ground but, apart from poor growth and yield of the plants, the specific nematode can only be seen below the ground in the plant organs; mainly the roots, rhizomes, bulbs, corms and tubers. This book aims to help people working commercially with crop plants to identify and improve their diagnosis of nematodes of agricultural importance. There is an introductory chapter on nematode biology and parasitism, and the crops they are likely to attack. Crop chapters are divided into grain legumes, vegetables, flower crops, cereals, root and tuber crops, and tree and plantation crops. Coverage includes distribution, identification, symptoms and diagnosis, with management suggestions also presented. A final chapter outlines common methods used in nematology. This book is invaluable to a range of professionals including growers, farmers and students working in crop protection, plant pathology, and agriculture.

Root-knot nematodes are the most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, and their control presents a major global challenge. Advances are being made in understanding their biology, host-parasite interaction and management strategies, and this comprehensive guide with many color photos and contributions from international experts covers the taxonomy, classification, morphology, life-cycle biology, genomes, resistance, sampling, detection, and management strategies of these pests, providing an essential reference for researchers, students and lecturers in plant nematology, plant pathology, agriculture, and agronomy.

Smiling through the Tears is a moving tribute that honors the memory of a beloved father and sister with poetry that reminds us of the power of love, the joy of family and the strength from God.