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Jamie J. Fader documents the transition to adulthood for a
particularly vulnerable population: young inner-city men of color
who have, by the age of eighteen, already been imprisoned. How, she
asks, do such precariously situated youth become adult men? What
are the sources of change in their lives? Falling Back is based on
over three years of ethnographic research with black and Latino
males on the cusp of adulthood and incarcerated at a rural reform
school designed to address "criminal thinking errors" among
juvenile drug offenders. Fader observed these young men as they
transitioned back to their urban Philadelphia neighborhoods,
resuming their daily lives and struggling to adopt adult masculine
roles. This in-depth ethnographic approach allowed her to portray
the complexities of human decision-making as these men strove to
"fall back," or avoid reoffending, and become productive adults.
Her work makes a unique contribution to sociological understandings
of the transitions to adulthood, urban social inequality, prisoner
reentry, and desistance from offending.
Using a sociological, historical, and psychological approach, this
work offers a multidisciplinary perspective and fills the research
gap about the Harlem community and urban black life during the Jazz
Age and the Great Depression. This book proposes that Harlem was an
intricate domain of competing ideologies, needs, and interests
wherein there were many cross-cutting forms of power and exclusion.
Such competition placed the community at the intersection of
complicated power relations in which local, citywide and nationwide
power, policies, and commitments overlapped. Changing economic
circumstances that characterized the interwar period combined with
the shifting municipal politics including community reliance on
government support and the political strength of medical societies
that left Harlem residents politically and economically
circumscribed in their efforts to build and fortify institutions
focused on maintaining community wellness. In this larger
circumscription, citywide, statewide, and nationwide politics made
health for black people a politicized affair during the early
twentieth century. This work further reveals that in conjunction
with the political economy of race, health was a major issue of
debate that residents of Harlem could enter into despite systematic
efforts by politicians and medical professionals to simultaneously
limit residents' political agency and regulate health services and
institutions in New York City. Such fissures and cracks within the
political structure allowed for community engagement and
empowerment. This study provides for a more comprehensive
understanding of the connections among black morbidity, mortality,
health-care delivery, and black political engagement in Harlem, New
York, and aims to expand the historical understanding of race and
politics, as well as the lived experiences of black people in New
York City in the early twentieth century. As a scholarly work in
the field of African American urban history, Building a Healthy
Black Harlem is accessible to upper-division undergraduate and
graduate students in courses in post-1865 United States history,
African American history, and urban history. It also possesses the
insight and rigor for specialists in the field of New York City
history and African American urban history.
This book gives readers a comprehensive introduction to the topic
of the Civil Rights Movement-arguably the most important political
movement of the 20th century-and provides a road map for future
study and historical inquiry. Civil Rights Movement provides a
comprehensive reference guide to this momentous cultural evolution
that starts in the 1930s. By beginning the story of how African
Americans have long attempted to improve their lives while facing
severe legislative, judicial, and political constraints, the author
dispels the common misconception that black people only started
their struggle to achieve equality in the mid 1950s. The book
discusses all of the major campaigns of the 1950s and 1960s within
the deep southern states, border states, and northern urban areas,
thereby demonstrating that the African American struggle for
equality was not solely in the South. Supplying a synthesis of the
latest historical research and providing an accessible historical
narrative of one of the most fascinating and inspiring periods of
United States history, the book is appropriate for high-school
students and general readers. Judicial victories significant to the
movement and the shift in the portrayal of African Americans on
television and in film are also addressed. Provides a chronology
that traces the unfolding of the subject of movement over time
Features biographical profiles of the people and organizations
central to the movement Contains a selection of primary documents
that provide readers with a fuller understanding of the subject
Includes an annotated bibliography that assesses the most important
print, electronic, and media resources suitable for high school
student research
Linear models courses are often presented as either theoretical or
applied. Consequently, students may find themselves either proving
theorems or using high-level procedures like PROC GLM to analyze
data. There exists a gap between the derivation of formulas and
analyses that hide these formulas behind attractive user
interfaces. This book bridges that gap, demonstrating theory put
into practice. Concepts presented in a theoretical linear models
course are often trivialized in applied linear models courses by
the facility of high-level SAS procedures like PROC MIXED and PROC
REG that require the user to provide a few options and statements
and in return produce vast amounts of output. This book uses PROC
IML to show how analytic linear models formulas can be typed
directly into PROC IML, as they were presented in the linear models
course, and solved using data. This helps students see the link
between theory and application. This also assists researchers in
developing new methodologies in the area of linear models. The book
contains complete examples of SAS code for many of the computations
relevant to a linear models course. However, the SAS code in these
examples automates the analytic formulas. The code for high-level
procedures like PROC MIXED is also included for side-by-side
comparison. The book computes basic descriptive statistics, matrix
algebra, matrix decomposition, likelihood maximization, non-linear
optimization, etc. in a format conducive to a linear models or a
special topics course. Also included in the book is an example of a
basic analysis of a linear mixed model using restricted maximum
likelihood estimation (REML). The example demonstrates tests for
fixed effects, estimates of linear functions, and contrasts. The
example starts by showing the steps for analyzing the data using
PROC IML and then provides the analysis using PROC MIXED. This
allows students to follow the process that lead to the output.
This compact volume offers a compelling introduction to a group
once deemed the greatest threat to the internal security of the
United States, the Black Panther Party. In a time when African
Americans' widespread tactic of direct, nonviolent protest was seen
as the most effective way to fight for racial justice, the Black
Panthers' confrontational style and critiques of local law
enforcement throughout the nation defied both civil rights
orthodoxy and white authority. The Black Panther Party: A Guide to
an American Subculture situates the Black Panther Party within the
shifting political terrain of the African American freedom struggle
of the late 1960s and early 1970s. In an era when African Americans
were assumed to have secured their basic constitutional rights, the
Black Panther Party stood firm to remind black people and the
nation that despite the gains of the Civil Rights Movement, social,
economic, and political equality had not been achieved for large
segments of African Americans, and that more needed to be done
locally and nationally. Organized geographically, the book examines
Black Panther Party chapters and affiliates throughout the United
States. It covers the Panthers' most important developments and
challenges, paying particular attention to local realities as they
varied throughout the nation-from Oakland, California to New Haven,
Connecticut. Synthesizes the latest scholarship on the Black
Panther Party Explains topics clearly and in accessible language
Offers a compelling narrative that examines in depth the breadth of
Black Panther Party politics and political activity Examines the
ways in which the Black Panther Party has been depicted in popular
culture, including in films and in hip-hop culture Includes
biographical sketches of the most significant Panther members,
along with a selection of primary documents
This book addresses an important topic in higher education:
credential fraud. This includes, but is not limited to, fake
degrees, diploma mills, admissions fraud, and cheating on
standardized admissions tests. The book directly addresses fake and
fraudulent credentials in higher education. It explores transcript
tampering and fraud in varsity athletics and discusses lazy
practices in the higher education hiring processes that open the
door for professors without proper credentials to get jobs in
post-secondary institutions. The book also discusses how technology
is being used to stop the proliferation of fake and fraudulent
credentials in a variety of ways, including blockchain technology.
Ideal for both neurosurgical residents and recertifying
neurosurgeons, Neurosurgery Self-Assessment: Questions and Answers
offers the most comprehensive, up to date coverage available. Over
1,000 clinically relevant multiple-choice questions across 46 topic
areas test the candidate's knowledge of basic neuroscience and
neurosurgical subspecialties to an unparalleled degree and provide
detailed answer explanations to facilitate learning and assessment.
Over 700 histology, pathology, radiology, clinical and anatomical
images serve as an index of routinely tested-on images in
neurosurgical examinations with high-yield summaries of each
pathology to reinforce and simplify key concepts. Includes only
multiple choice questions in both single-best-answer and extended
matching item (10-20 options) format increasingly adopted by
neurosurgery certification boards worldwide. Questions are
organized by topic and classified by degree of difficulty through a
highly visual "traffic light system" which codes each question in
green, amber, or red. Includes coverage of the landmark studies in
areas such as vascular, stroke, spine and neurooncology. Practical
tips facilitate study with test-taking strategies and things to
consider before sitting for an exam. Utilizes Imperial and SI units
throughout. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase.
This enhanced eBook experience acts an interactive question bank
which automatically scores and provides immediate answer feedback,
as well as allowing you to search all of the text, figures, and
references from the book.
Viral Replication Enzymes and their Inhibitors Part A, Volume 49,
the latest release in the Enzymes series, highlights new advances
in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters
on a variety of related topics.
Viral Replication Enzymes and their Inhibitors, Part B, Volume 50
in The Enzymes series, highlights new advances in the field, with
this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of
topics surrounding enzymes.
How do authoritarian regimes deal with pressure from the
international community? China's leaders have been subject to
decades of international attention, condemnation, resolutions,
boycotts, and sanctions over their treatment of human rights. We
assume that hearing about all this pressure will make the public
more concerned about human rights, and so regimes like the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP) should do what they can to prevent this from
happening. In Hostile Forces, Jamie Gruffydd-Jones argues that
while international pressure may indeed embarrass authoritarian
leaders on the international stage, it may, in fact, benefit them
at home. The targets of human rights pressure, regimes like the
Communist Party, are not merely passive recipients, but actors who
can proactively shape and deploy that pressure for their own
advantage. Taking us through an exploration of the history of the
Communist Party's reactions to foreign pressure, from condemnation
of Mao's crackdowns in Tibet to outrage at the outbreak of
COVID-19, analysis of a novel database drawn from state media
archives, as well as multiple survey experiments and hundreds of
interviews, Gruffydd-Jones shows that the CCP uses the most
'hostile' pressure strategically - and successfully - to push
citizens to view human rights in terms of international geopolitics
rather than domestic injustice, and reduce their support for
change. The book shines a light on how regimes have learnt to
manage, manipulate, and resist foreign pressure on their human
rights, and illustrates how support for authoritarian and
nationalist policies might grow in the face of a liberal
international system.
How do authoritarian regimes deal with pressure from the
international community? China's leaders have been subject to
decades of international attention, condemnation, resolutions,
boycotts, and sanctions over their treatment of human rights. We
assume that hearing about all this pressure will make the public
more concerned about human rights, and so regimes like the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP) should do what they can to prevent this from
happening. In Hostile Forces, Jamie Gruffydd-Jones argues that
while international pressure may indeed embarrass authoritarian
leaders on the international stage, it may, in fact, benefit them
at home. The targets of human rights pressure, regimes like the
Communist Party, are not merely passive recipients, but actors who
can proactively shape and deploy that pressure for their own
advantage. Taking us through an exploration of the history of the
Communist Party's reactions to foreign pressure, from condemnation
of Mao's crackdowns in Tibet to outrage at the outbreak of
COVID-19, analysis of a novel database drawn from state media
archives, as well as multiple survey experiments and hundreds of
interviews, Gruffydd-Jones shows that the CCP uses the most
'hostile' pressure strategically - and successfully - to push
citizens to view human rights in terms of international geopolitics
rather than domestic injustice, and reduce their support for
change. The book shines a light on how regimes have learnt to
manage, manipulate, and resist foreign pressure on their human
rights, and illustrates how support for authoritarian and
nationalist policies might grow in the face of a liberal
international system.
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Often turbomachinery airfoils are designed with aerodynamic
performance foremost in mind rather than component durability.
However, future aircraft systems require ever increasing levels of
gas-turbine inlet temperature causing the durability and
reliability of turbine components to be an ever more important
design concern. As a result, the need to provide improved heat
transfer prediction and optimization methods presents itself. Here,
an effort to design an airfoil with minimized heat load is
reported. First, a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow
solver was validated over different flow regimes as well as varying
boundary conditions against extensive data available in literature
published by the Von Karman Institute (VKI).
Provides 52 immediate, no cost (or low cost) ways to start earning
money from home.
This two-volume work celebrates 50 notable achievements of African
Americans, highlighting black contributions to U.S. history and
examining the ways black accomplishments shaped American culture.
This two-volume encyclopedia offers a unique look at the African
American experience, from the arrival of the first 20 Africans at
Jamestown through the launch of the Black Lives Matter movement and
the Ferguson Protests. It illustrates subjects such as the Jim Crow
period, the Brown v. Board of Education case that overturned
segregation, Jackie Robinson's landmark integration of major league
baseball, and the election of Barack Obama as president of the
United States. Drawing from almost 400 years of U.S. history, the
work documents the experiences and impact of black people on every
aspect of American life. Presented chronologically, the selected
events each include at least one primary source to provide the
reader with a first-person perspective. These range from excerpts
of speeches given by famous African American figures, to programs
from the March on Washington. The remarkable stories collected here
bear witness to the strength of a group of people who chose to
survive and found ways to work collectively to force America to
live up to the promise of its founding. Chronicles almost 400 years
of African American history beginning with the arrival of 20
Africans into Jamestown, VA, and ending with the 2014 Ferguson
Protests Provides readers with an understanding of key events that
represent the African American experience Brings the featured
events to life using first-person accounts, essays, primary
sources, photographs, and timelines Demonstrates the broad
influence and impact of African Americans on history, the arts,
laws, sports, literature, film, television, and social movements
Contemporary Queer Chinese Art is the first English-language
academic book that explores the intersections of queer culture and
contemporary Chinese art from the mid-1980s to the present. This
book brings together 15 internationally renowned artists,
activists, curators and scholars to explore heterogeneous
expressions of Chineseness and queerness in contemporary art from
China and Chinese diasporas in Asia, Europe and North America.
Examining contemporary visual art, performance and activism, this
book offers a rich archive of queer Chinese artistic expressions.
It provides valuable insights into the status quo and
intersectional struggles of Chinese artists who identify themselves
as queer and who have associated their work with queer
positionalities and perspectives. By sharing personal experiences,
art expressions and critical insights about what it means to be
queer and Chinese in a transnational context, the book reveals
multiple forms and potentialities of queer politics in the domains
of art and activism.
Jamie J. Fader documents the transition to adulthood for a
particularly vulnerable population: young inner-city men of color
who have, by the age of eighteen, already been imprisoned. How, she
asks, do such precariously situated youth become adult men? What
are the sources of change in their lives? Falling Back is based on
over three years of ethnographic research with black and Latino
males on the cusp of adulthood and incarcerated at a rural reform
school designed to address "criminal thinking errors" among
juvenile drug offenders. Fader observed these young men as they
transitioned back to their urban Philadelphia neighborhoods,
resuming their daily lives and struggling to adopt adult masculine
roles. This in-depth ethnographic approach allowed her to portray
the complexities of human decision-making as these men strove to
"fall back," or avoid reoffending, and become productive adults.
Her work makes a unique contribution to sociological understandings
of the transitions to adulthood, urban social inequality, prisoner
reentry, and desistance from offending.
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