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Now in a fifth edition, Latin America has been updated to reflect
the region's growing optimism as economies stabilize, trade
diversifies, and political systems become more participatory. This
multidisciplinary survey of Latin American history, politics, and
society features invited contributions from authorities in a
variety of fields. New sections address current events including
deforestation in Costa Rica and Brazil, emerging social movements,
Ecuador's new constitution, and Obama's stated objectives to repair
U.S. relations with the region. In addition, key topics (such as
women and Latin American politics, socialist governments and
anti-American sentiment, Argentina's deteriorating economy, and
Colombia's struggle with military and narcotics issues) receive
expanded and revitalized treatment. Other updated material covers
outcomes of recent elections in Bolivia, Brazil, and Nicaragua,
among others. Through a hybrid thematic and regional organization,
this text provides an essential foundation for introductory courses
on Latin America.
As wealthy countries focus more attention on the ravages of poverty
and maldistribution of the world's resources, the rationales for
what is or is not done in the name of ?development? have become
more elaborate and abstract. And as the literature has
proliferated, communication among those who approach development
from different perspectives, disciplines, and professions has
become more strained. In this innovative text, Jan Black argues
that what is missing is ?appropriate theory? that can help place
the findings of social scientists and seasoned development
practitioners at the service of those who would promote a more
equitable and empowering approach to development.In the first
section, the author presents the differing and even contradictory
definitions of development and the various explanatory models and
means of measurement associated with them. This is followed by an
analysis of the evolution of development strategies and programs
both of the First World?donor countries and organizations?and of
Third World leaders, movements, and regional organizations. The
author highlights key issues in the development debate of the
1990s, including ecology, refugees, debt, the informal sector, and
gender roles. In a final section, she addresses the process of
development and illustrates, through a number of vignettes and case
studies, the sometimes illusory links between motives and
consequences. The second edition includes more paradoxes and case
studies and increased coverage of refugees and indigenous peoples.
More information on the new states in post-Soviet East and Central
Europe is also incorporated.At a time when theoreticians and
practitioners appear to occupy different worlds and speak different
languages, and when a large number of developing countries seem to
be falling into an irreversible cycle of debt and dependency, this
book is particularly welcome and compelling.
This book conveys the unifying aspects of Latin American culture
and society, along with the distinct characteristics of major
subregions and countries. It presents problems with which Latin
American states have tried to deal in their foreign policies and in
their dealings with each other.
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Advances in Architectural Geometry 2023
Kathrin Dörfler, Jan Knippers, Achim Menges, Stefana Parascho, Helmut Pottmann, …
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This textbook, extensively revised and updated in this new second
edition, introduces the student to what is most basic and most
interesting about Latin America. The authors-each widely recognized
in his or her own discipline, as well as among Latin
Americanists-analyze both the enduring features of the area and the
pace and direction of change. Th
This book contains 24 technical papers presented at the fourth
edition of the Advances in Architectural Geometry conference, AAG
2014, held in London, England, September 2014. It offers engineers,
mathematicians, designers, and contractors insight into the
efficient design, analysis, and manufacture of complex shapes,
which will help open up new horizons for architecture. The book
examines geometric aspects involved in architectural design,
ranging from initial conception to final fabrication. It focuses on
four key topics: applied geometry, architecture, computational
design, and also practice in the form of case studies. In addition,
the book also features algorithms, proposed implementation,
experimental results, and illustrations. Overall, the book presents
both theoretical and practical work linked to new geometrical
developments in architecture. It gathers the diverse components of
the contemporary architectural tendencies that push the building
envelope towards free form in order to respond to multiple current
design challenges. With its introduction of novel computational
algorithms and tools, this book will prove an ideal resource to
both newcomers to the field as well as advanced practitioners.
This book contains 24 technical papers presented at the fourth
edition of the Advances in Architectural Geometry conference, AAG
2014, held in London, England, September 2014. It offers engineers,
mathematicians, designers, and contractors insight into the
efficient design, analysis, and manufacture of complex shapes,
which will help open up new horizons for architecture. The book
examines geometric aspects involved in architectural design,
ranging from initial conception to final fabrication. It focuses on
four key topics: applied geometry, architecture, computational
design, and also practice in the form of case studies. In addition,
the book also features algorithms, proposed implementation,
experimental results, and illustrations. Overall, the book presents
both theoretical and practical work linked to new geometrical
developments in architecture. It gathers the diverse components of
the contemporary architectural tendencies that push the building
envelope towards free form in order to respond to multiple current
design challenges. With its introduction of novel computational
algorithms and tools, this book will prove an ideal resource to
both newcomers to the field as well as advanced practitioners.
As wealthy countries focus more attention on the ravages of poverty
and maldistribution of the world's resources, the rationales for
what is or is not done in the name of "development" have become
more elaborate and abstract. And as the literature has
proliferated, communication among those who approach development
from different perspectives, disciplines, and professions has
become more strained. In this innovative text, Jan Black argues
that what is missing is "appropriate theory" that can help place
the findings of social scientists and seasoned development
practitioners at the service of those who would promote a more
equitable and empowering approach to development.In the first
section, the author presents the differing and even contradictory
definitions of development and the various explanatory models and
means of measurement associated with them. This is followed by an
analysis of the evolution of development strategies and programs
both of the First World--donor countries and organizations--and of
Third World leaders, movements, and regional organizations. The
author highlights key issues in the development debate of the
1990s, including ecology, refugees, debt, the informal sector, and
gender roles. In a final section, she addresses the process of
development and illustrates, through a number of vignettes and case
studies, the sometimes illusory links between motives and
consequences. The second edition includes more paradoxes and case
studies and increased coverage of refugees and indigenous peoples.
More information on the new states in post-Soviet East and Central
Europe is also incorporated.At a time when theoreticians and
practitioners appear to occupy different worlds and speak different
languages, and when a large number of developing countries seem to
be falling into an irreversible cycle of debt and dependency, this
book is particularly welcome and compelling.
How can the fundamental digital change taking place in design and
construction be actively used to bring about cultural change in
architecture? By exploring robotic production methods and
innovative material developments, Achim Menges and Jan Knippers
have succeeded in developing genuine digital building systems that
combine architectural elegance with effective construction. The
book provides an insight into ten years of joint research at the
ICD and ITKE Institutes of Stuttgart University. Taking completed
pavilions and buildings as examples, the authors demonstrate the
viability of the underlying hypotheses that impressively push the
limits of construction. Articles from international experts
contribute to the current debate on architecture.
Now in a fifth edition, "Latin America" has been updated to reflect
the region's growing optimism as economies stabilize, trade
diversifies, and political systems become more participatory. This
multidisciplinary survey of Latin American history, politics, and
society features invited contributions from authorities in a
variety of fields. New sections address current events including
deforestation in Costa Rica and Brazil, emerging social movements,
Ecuador's new constitution, and Obama's stated objectives to repair
U.S. relations with the region. In addition, key topics--such as
women and Latin American politics, socialist governments and
anti-American sentiment, Argentina's deteriorating economy, and
Colombia's struggle with military and narcotics issues--receive
expanded and revitalized treatment. Other updated material covers
outcomes of recent elections in Bolivia, Brazil, and Nicaragua,
among others. Through a hybrid thematic and regional organization,
this text provides an essential foundation for introductory courses
on Latin America.
Wie kann der fundamentale digitale Wandel, der das Entwerfen und
Bauen durchdringt, als eine baukulturelle Veranderung aktiv
gestaltet werden? Achim Menges und Jan Knippers Ist es gelungen,
durch das Ausloten robotischer Fertigungstechniken, gekoppelt mit
innovativen Materialentwicklungen, genuin digitale Bausysteme zu
entwickeln, die architektonische Eleganz und konstruktive
Effektivitat verbinden. Das Buch gibt Einblicke in zehn Jahre der
gemeinsamen Forschung an den Instituten ICD und ITKE an der
Universitat Stuttgart. Es belegt auch anhand von realisierten
Pavillons und Bauten die zugrundeliegenden Hypothesen, mit denen
die Grenzen des Bauens eindrucksvoll verschoben werden.
Fachbeitrage internationaler Experten verankern das Werk im
derzeitigen Architekturdiskurs.
Nature has always been a source of inspiration for the design of
the human environment. The analysis of biological constructions can
not only lead to astonishing technical solutions but can also
inspire the design of architecture. Bionics is a fascinating border
area between pure research and practical application: biologists,
chemists, physicists, mineralogists, and paleontologists meet up
with material scientists, engineers, and architects and transfer
their knowledge to architecture and construction. Using numerous
practical examples, this richly illustrated introduction traces the
process from the understanding of how something functions, to
abstraction—for example in computer models—and the construction
of initial prototypes, through to fully functional manufacture and
production.
This book comprises a first survey of the Collaborative Research
Center SFB-TRR 141 'Biological Design and Integrative Structures -
Analysis, Simulation and Implementation in Architecture', funded by
the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft since October 2014. The SFB-TRR
141 provides a collaborative framework for architects and engineers
from the University of Stuttgart, biologists and physicists from
the University of Freiburg and geoscientists and evolutionary
biologists from the University of Tubingen. The programm is
conceptualized as a dialogue between the disciplines and is based
on the belief that that biomimetic research has the potential to
lead everyone involved to new findings far beyond his individual
reach. During the last few decades, computational methods have been
introduced into all fields of science and technology. In
architecture, they enable the geometric differentiation of building
components and allow the fabrication of porous or fibre-based
materials with locally adjusted physical and chemical properties.
Recent developments in simulation technologies focus on multi-scale
models and the interplay of mechanical phenomena at various
hierarchical levels. In the natural sciences, a multitude of
quantitative methods covering diverse hierarchical levels have been
introduced. These advances in computational methods have opened a
new era in biomimetics: local differentiation at various scales,
the main feature of natural constructions, can for the first time
not only be analysed, but to a certain extent also be transferred
to building construction. Computational methodologies enable the
direct exchange of information between fields of science that,
until now, have been widely separated. As a result they lead to a
new approach to biomimetic research, which, hopefully, contributes
to a more sustainable development in architecture and building
construction.
This important work argues that human rights abuse is not
necessarily about distant places and peoples, and it is neither
incomprehensible nor inevitable. Despite the appearance of
consensus about the importance of human rights protection, abuse
with its common core in inequality is expanding at all levels from
the petty to the profound. Designed to inform and inspire, this
book also provides the analytical and strategic tools needed for
the next generation of activists. Jan Knippers Black offers a
fundamental reexamination of the basic terms and concepts, legal
and institutional foundations, controversies, cleavages, threats
and strategies associated with human rights. Black's perspective is
holistic, stressing the relevance of human rights issues to all
human needs and endeavors and requiring multidisciplinary analysis.
Chapters analyzing connections among political, economic,
ecological, and cultural impacts on social and individual
well-being are accompanied by case studies highlighting lessons
learned from success or failure. This empowering book seeks to
promote an "each for all" commitment, breaking through barriers of
ignorance and apathy, denial and despair, so that advocates and
activists can work to prevent future atrocities.
This important work argues that human rights abuse is not
necessarily about distant places and peoples, and it is neither
incomprehensible nor inevitable. Despite the appearance of
consensus about the importance of human rights protection, abuse
with its common core in inequality is expanding at all levels from
the petty to the profound. Designed to inform and inspire, this
book also provides the analytical and strategic tools needed for
the next generation of activists. Jan Knippers Black offers a
fundamental reexamination of the basic terms and concepts, legal
and institutional foundations, controversies, cleavages, threats
and strategies associated with human rights. Black's perspective is
holistic, stressing the relevance of human rights issues to all
human needs and endeavors and requiring multidisciplinary analysis.
Chapters analyzing connections among political, economic,
ecological, and cultural impacts on social and individual
well-being are accompanied by case studies highlighting lessons
learned from success or failure. This empowering book seeks to
promote an "each for all" commitment, breaking through barriers of
ignorance and apathy, denial and despair, so that advocates and
activists can work to prevent future atrocities."
Foreign Policy Toward Cuba examines the disagreement between the
foreign policy-making communities of the United States and Canada
and that of Cuba and the Caribbean region. The book contrasts the
differing Cuban foreign policy positions taken by the United States
and Canada, contrasting them in turn with Caribbean and Cuban
positions on North America. The book uses a wide range of
perspectives, paying particular attention to the way the Western
Hemisphere understands Cuba and the approaches of Cuban and
Caribbean foreign policy toward North America. Of interest to
students of Latin America, Cuba, and foreign policy and
international relations, the book provides a clear interpretation
of the complex foreign policy between nations.
Foreign Policy Toward Cuba examines the disagreement between the
foreign policy-making communities of the United States and Canada
and that of Cuba and the Caribbean region. The book contrasts the
differing Cuban foreign policy positions taken by the United States
and Canada, contrasting them in turn with Caribbean and Cuban
positions on North America. The book uses a wide range of
perspectives, paying particular attention to the way the Western
Hemisphere understands Cuba and the approaches of Cuban and
Caribbean foreign policy toward North America. Of interest to
students of Latin America, Cuba, and foreign policy and
international relations, the book provides a clear interpretation
of the complex foreign policy between nations.
Nature has always been a source of inspiration for the design of
the human environment. The analysis of biological constructions can
not only lead to astonishing technical solutions but can also
inspire the design of architecture. Bionics is a fascinating border
area between pure research and practical application: biologists,
chemists, physicists, mineralogists, and paleontologists meet up
with material scientists, engineers, and architects and transfer
their knowledge to architecture and construction. Using numerous
practical examples, this richly illustrated introduction traces the
process from the understanding of how something functions, to
abstraction—for example in computer models—and the construction
of initial prototypes, through to fully functional manufacture and
production.
The exciting and versatile range of activities performed by
construction engineers is rarely fully appreciated by the public.
Yet as well as being a key industry for the economy, construction
is also important for society: Modern life without buildings and
infrastructure would be simply inconceivable. With that in mind,
this publication presents the engineering profession (and by
extension the entire industry) as it really is: Fascinating,
creative, diverse and innovative. Engineers and their innovations
are presented in the context of their social, economic and
political influences. The book combines an historical perspective
with a focus on contemporary projects.
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