Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1.0, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, course: Civic Networks & Social Capital, language: English, abstract: This paper critically evaluates Robert Putnam's "Bowling Alone: America's declining social capital," published in 1995 in the Journal of Democracy, both empirically and theoretically. It counterchecks the empirical findings by Putnam based on data from the WorldValuesSurvey of 2006 and thereby also provides an updated view on Putnam's claim of declining social capital in the United States. Subsequentially Putnam's theory is put into contrast with and linked to works by Granovetter (1973), Dalton (2008); Fischer (2001); Fischer & Hout (2006); Stolle, Hooghe & Micheletti (2005); Kadushin (2004).

Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Development Politics, grade: 1.3, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, course: USC - Theories of Development, language: English, abstract: Somalia is a country in the East of Africa, situated at the horn of Africa with a population of ca. 9.3 million (BTI 2012). In this part of the world, life is hard (e.g. infant mortality rate: 10%) and short (life expectancy at birth: 51 years). "Freedom in the World 2012" by Freedom House gives Somalia the worst possible rating both for political rights and civil liberties. It ranks at place 223 of 227 in terms of GDP per capita (CIA Factbook, 2012). The Global Peace Index lists Somalia as the most dangerous country in the world while the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG), which is supported by the United Nations, the African Union and the United States, merely controls parts of the capital Mogadishu (Bruton, 2009). Around 40% of Somali territory is occupied by a radical muslim militia called Al-Shabab. The famine that befell the horn of Africa in 2011 struck Somalia worst, a country, which is mostly referred to as a 'failed state' for 20 years now. The situation in Somalia, so much is clear, is very serious and appalling in a variety of fields. But why is that? In this paper I will describe Somalia's recent development in the framework introduced by Szirmai (2005: pp. 29-33), using his 9 characteristics of developing countries for classification, and - building up on that - inquire into possible explanations for its deficiencies and its failure as a state.