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In Oral Traditions: When Did the French Stop Speaking Latin, voices
from 13th century street theatre, a 17th century fairy tale by
Perrault, and the journal of an unhappy 19th century queen, blend
to show how the French language evolved from its Latin roots. The
focus is on past tense verbs, the core of oral and written
narrative. In chapter one, selected prose passages from the 13th
century "cantefable," Auccassin et Nicolete, are analyzed for verb
usage. It appears that the more rustic characters preferred the
traditional Latinate simple past, while the nobler, presumably more
educated, speaker/singers occasionally tried the newer compound
form for narration. Chapter two treats verb usage in Perrault's
tale Les Fees. A key line in the 1695 manuscript shows that the
"new" grammaticized compound past was already in use in the oral
tradition of bedtime tales. Perrault "corrected" the syntax by
reversing the order of the past participle and the following
adverb. This change, the insertion of a locational adverb between
the two parts of the compound, created a more Latinate and literary
sound for his 1697 first edition. It offers us a glimpse of the
oral/literary dynamic of the time. Hortense, the reluctant Queen of
Holland, and Napoleon's stepdaughter and daughter-in-law, writes a
romantic journal in correct schoolgirl French. In chapter three, we
see and "hear" the situations and contexts appropriate to simple
and compound past verb forms in the 19th century. Finally, the
Appendix provides the transcriptions of taped recordings from the
1980's of three subjects from northern France, telling their
versions of Petit Chaperon Rouge 'Little Red Riding Hood.' In
addition to showing that verb forms are often memorized as part of
a tale, these recordings demonstrate how traditional oral
literature varies from speaker to speaker. Some speakers stick to
the traditional telling style, others use more modern language. The
sound of the Latinate simple past of French fairy tales announces a
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