Many of the mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular disease and hypertension are well known, and gender is an independent risk factor in many cohorts. How gender contributes to cardiovascular disease has not been completely elucidated. Even in normotensive populations, blood pressure is higher in men than women, although why this occurs is unclear. While both men and women suffer from high incidences of cardiovascular disease, women are typically protected against cardiovascular disease until after menopause, so that on average they are about 10 years older than men when these diseases develop, making aging a confounding problem contributing to increased morbidity. Because hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease in both men and women, this review will focus on hypertension, and the mechanisms that have been found to play a role in mediating blood pressure control and how they differ in men and women.

The review students need to excel on their medical physiology course exams and the USMLE This powerful new review follows the format of the acclaimed Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology Examination & Board Review. It delivers a concise overview of essential high-yield topics and fundamental concepts, followed by USMLE-style Q&A. The chapter-based approach facilitates use with course notes or larger texts. Presented in full color, the book includes numerous flow charts, illustrations, and tables that summarize must-know information. Ganong's Medical Physiology Examination & Board Review succinctly covers all key physiology principles and includes clinical correlations to clarify the connection between physiology and clinical medicine. The book includes two comprehensive 100-question examinations, followed by the correct answer and rationales. Learning aids included bolded key terms, skill-builder questions that prompt readers to review previous material, and end-of-chapter checklists. * Essential for USMLE Step 1 review * An excellent course book for physiology * Companion website offers interactive customizable qBank