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The principle fuel used as a petrol substitute for road transport
vehicles is bioethanol. Bioethanol fuel is mainly produced by the
sugar fermentation process, although it can also be manufactured by
the chemical process of reacting ethylene with steam. The main
sources of sugar required to produce ethanol come from fuel or
energy crops. These crops are grown specifically for energy use and
include corn, maize and wheat crops, waste straw, willow and
popular trees, sawdust, reed canary grass, cord grasses, Jerusalem
artichoke, myscanthus and sorghum plants. Ethanol or ethyl alcohol
(C2H5OH) is a clear colourless liquid, it is biodegradable, low in
toxicity and causes little environmental pollution if spilt.
Ethanol burns to produce carbon dioxide and water. Ethanol is a
high octane fuel and has replaced lead as an octane enhancer in
petrol. By blending ethanol with gasoline we can also oxygenate the
fuel mixture so it burns more completely and reduces polluting
emissions. This new and important book gathers the latest research
from around the globe in this promising field.
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