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The evocative and riveting stories of four brothers-Gershom the
Zionist, Werner the Communist, Reinhold the nationalist, and Erich
the liberal-weave together in The Scholems, a biography of an
eminent middle-class Jewish Berlin family and a social history of
the Jews in Germany in the decades leading up to World War II.
Across four generations, Jay Howard Geller illuminates the
transformation of traditional Jews into modern German citizens, the
challenges they faced, and the ways that they shaped the
German-Jewish century, beginning with Prussia's emancipation of the
Jews in 1812 and ending with exclusion and disenfranchisement under
the Nazis. Focusing on the renowned philosopher and Kabbalah
scholar Gershom Scholem and his family, their story beautifully
draws out the rise and fall of bourgeois life in the unique
subculture that was Jewish Berlin. Geller portrays the family
within a much larger context of economic advancement, the adoption
of German culture and debates on Jewish identity, struggles for
integration into society, and varying political choices during the
German Empire, World War I, the Weimar Republic, and the Nazi era.
What Geller discovers, and unveils for the reader, is a fascinating
portal through which to view the experience of the Jewish middle
class in Germany.
This is the story of the reemergence of the Jewish community in
Germany after its near total destruction during the Holocaust. In
western Germany, the community needed to overcome deep cultural,
religious, and political differences before uniting. In eastern
Germany, the small Jewish community struggled against communist
opposition. After coalescing, both Jewish communities, largely
isolated by the international Jewish community, looked to German
political leaders and the two German governments for support.
Through relationships with key German leaders, they achieved
stability by 1953, when West Germany agreed to pay reparations to
Israel and to individual Holocaust survivors and East Germany
experienced a wave of antisemitic purges. Using archival materials
from the Jewish communities of East and West Germany as well as
governmental and political party records, Geller elucidates the
reestablishment of organized Jewish life in Germany and the Jews'
critical ties to political leaders.
This is the story of the reemergence of the Jewish community in
Germany after its near total destruction during the Holocaust. In
western Germany, the community needed to overcome deep cultural,
religious, and political differences before uniting. In eastern
Germany, the small Jewish community struggled against communist
opposition. After coalescing, both Jewish communities, largely
isolated by the international Jewish community, looked to German
political leaders and the two German governments for support.
Through relationships with key German leaders, they achieved
stability by 1953, when West Germany agreed to pay reparations to
Israel and to individual Holocaust survivors and East Germany
experienced a wave of antisemitic purges. Using archival materials
from the Jewish communities of East and West Germany as well as
governmental and political party records, Geller elucidates the
reestablishment of organized Jewish life in Germany and the Jews'
critical ties to political leaders.
As German Jews emigrated in the 19th and early 20th centuries andas
exiles from Nazi Germany, they carried the traditions, culture,and
particular prejudices of their home with them. At the same
time,Germany—and Berlin in particular—attracted both secular
and religiousJewish scholars from eastern Europe. They engaged in
vital intellectualexchange with German Jewry, although their
cultural and religiouspractices differed greatly, and they absorbed
many cultural practicesthat they brought back to Warsaw or took
with them to New York and TelAviv. After the Holocaust, German Jews
and non-German Jews educatedin Germany were forced to reevaluate
their essential relationship withGermany and Germanness as well as
their notions of Jewish life outsideof Germany. Among the first
volumes to focus on German-Jewish transnationalism,this
interdisciplinary collection spans the fields of history,
literature, film,theater, architecture, philosophy, and theology as
it examines the livesof significant emigrants. The individuals
whose stories are reevaluatedinclude German Jews Ernst Lubitsch,
David Einhorn, and GershomScholem, the architect Fritz Nathan and
filmmaker Helmar Lerski; andeastern European Jews David Bergelson,
Der Nister, Jacob Katz, JosephSoloveitchik, and Abraham Joshua
Heschel—figures not normallyassociated with Germany. Three-Way
Street addresses the gap in thescholarly literature as it opens up
critical ways of approaching Jewishculture not only in Germany, but
also in other locations, from the mid-19thcentury to the present.
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