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Giovanni Morelli changed the way we look at art. Before Morelli
(1816-1891), the attribution of a painting to a particular artist
or school was often based on overall impression, hearsay, even gut
feeling. But Morelli, having trained as a medical doctor to look
closely at anatomical detail, applied scientific rigor to
understanding the works of masters such as Titian, Leonardo, and
Raphael, and of other Renaissance and Baroque painters. By closely
scrutinising, analysing and comparing details overlooked by most
other collectors, critics, and curators, his radical 'Morellian
method' became the basis of modern art connoisseurship. A proud
Italian of Swiss Protestant heritage, Morelli was also a staunch
patriot. He risked his life in the Italian Wars of Independence,
and was elected four times to the parliament of the newly unified
nation. In 1873 he was nominated senator for life. As a statesman
he fought for his homeland's cultural patrimony: at a time when
many of Italy's great art collections were being snapped up by
foreign collectors and museums, he introduced some of the world's
first legislation to prevent their loss to the nation. The Life of
Giovanni Morelli in Risorgimento Italy is the first full biography
of this important figure, including his romantic friendships with
remarkable women such as Clementina Frizzoni, Laura Acton Minghetti
(wife of the Italian prime minister), and Princess Victoria
(daughter of Queen Victoria and subsequently empress of Germany).
At his death he bequeathed his art collection to the Accademia
Carrara in Bergamo, the birthplace of his mother, a city he loved.
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