Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Since the demise of the Pinochet dictatorship in 1990, collaboration and complicity--both in the torture chamber and civil society--have been taboo topics not only for the Chilean left but also for society at large. By revisiting the experience of Luz Arce Sandoval--a leftist militant turned collaborator with Pinochet's secret police--"Luz Arce and Pinochet's Chile "raises urgent political and ethical questions about how nations carry out unspeakable violence in the name of "progress" and "democracy." Juxtaposing interviews, legal documents, and academic analysis, this book probes the personal and collective dimensions of torture, collaborationism, truth, justice, reconciliation, and memory, issues that resonate in Latin America and beyond.

Since the demise of the Pinochet dictatorship in 1990, collaboration and complicity--both in the torture chamber and civil society--have been taboo topics not only for the Chilean left but also for society at large. By revisiting the experience of Luz Arce Sandoval--a leftist militant turned collaborator with Pinochet's secret police--"Luz Arce and Pinochet's Chile "raises urgent political and ethical questions about how nations carry out unspeakable violence in the name of "progress" and "democracy." Juxtaposing interviews, legal documents, and academic analysis, this book probes the personal and collective dimensions of torture, collaborationism, truth, justice, reconciliation, and memory, issues that resonate in Latin America and beyond.

Winner of the 2012 "CHOICE" Outstanding Academic Book award
With the goal of opening up dialogue and debate, "Feminism" presents a critical and deeply personal history of Mexican feminism in the last thirty five years. Drawing from her many years of activism and anthropological scholarship, influential thinker Marta Lamas covers topics such as the political development of the feminist movement, affirmative action in the workplace, conceptual advances in regard to gender, and the nuances of disagreements among feminists. Here in English for the first time, thiswork offers invaluable insight into the theoretical and political tensions that have shaped Mexican feminism and the world at large.

Adding to the debate on a range of issues, this book presents a critical and deeply personal history of Mexican feminism in the last thirty five years. Drawing from her many years of activism and anthropological scholarship, influential thinker Marta Lamas covers topics such as the political development of the feminist movement, affirmative action in the workplace, conceptual advances in regard to gender, and disagreements among feminists. Here in English for the first time, this work offers invaluable insight into the theoretical and political tensions that have shaped Mexican feminism and the world at large.

Adding to the debate on a range of issues, this book presents a critical and deeply personal history of Mexican feminism in the last thirty five years. Drawing from her many years of activism and anthropological scholarship, influential thinker Marta Lamas covers topics such as the political development of the feminist movement, affirmative action in the workplace, conceptual advances in regard to gender, and disagreements among feminists. Here in English for the first time, this work offers invaluable insight into the theoretical and political tensions that have shaped Mexican feminism and the world at large.

Where is the common ground for feminist theory and Latin American culture? Jean Franco explores Mexican women's struggle for interpretive power in relation to the Catholic religion, the nation, and post-modern society; and examines the writings of women who wrote under the shadow of recognized male writers, as well as the works of more marginal figures. In this original and skillfully written book Franco demonstrates the many feminisms that emerge in apparently rigid and adverse situations, and provides the foundation for a more comprehensive, less ethnocentric feminst theory.

In Cruel Modernity, Jean Franco examines the conditions under which extreme cruelty became the instrument of armies, governments, rebels, and rogue groups in Latin America. She seeks to understand how extreme cruelty came to be practiced in many parts of the continent over the last eighty years and how its causes differ from the conditions that brought about the Holocaust, which is generally the atrocity against which the horror of others is measured. In Latin America, torturers and the perpetrators of atrocity were not only trained in cruelty but often provided their own rationales for engaging in it. When "draining the sea" to eliminate the support for rebel groups gave license to eliminate entire families, the rape, torture, and slaughter of women dramatized festering misogyny and long-standing racial discrimination accounted for high death tolls in Peru and Guatemala. In the drug wars, cruelty has become routine as tortured bodies serve as messages directed to rival gangs.Franco draws on human-rights documents, memoirs, testimonials, novels, and films, as well as photographs and art works, to explore not only cruel acts but the discriminatory thinking that made them possible, their long-term effects, the precariousness of memory, and the pathos of survival.

A gentle maiden aunt who has been victimized for years unexpectedly retaliates through her talent for making life-sized dolls filled with honey. "The Youngest Doll," based on a family anecdote, is a stunning literary expression of Rosario Ferre's feminist and social concerns. It is the premier story in a collection that was originally published in Spanish in 1976 as "Papeles de Pandora" and is now translated into English by the author. The daughter of a former governor of Puerto Rico, Ferre portrays women loosening the constraints that have bound them to a patriarchal culture. Anger takes creative rather than polemical form in ten stories that started Ferre on her way to becoming a leading woman writer in Latin America.

The upper-middle-class women in "The Youngest Doll," mostly married to macho men, rebel against their doll-like existence or retreat into fantasy, those without money or the right skin color are even more oppressed. In terms of power and influence, these women stand in the same relation to men as Puerto Rico itself does to the United States, and Ferre stretches artistic boundaries in writing about their situation. The stories, moving from the realistic to the nightmarish, are deeply, felt, full of irony and black humor, often experimental in form. The imagery is striking: an architect dreams about a beautiful bridge that "would open and close its arches like alligators making love"; a Mercedes Benz "shines in the dark like a chromium rhinoceros." One story, "The Sleeping Beauty," is a collage of letters, announcements, and photo captions that allows chilling conclusions to be drawn from what is not written. The collection includes Ferre's discussion of "When Women Love Men," a story about a prostitute and a society lady who unite in order to survive, and one that illustrates the woman writer's "art of dissembling anger through irony." In closing, she considers how her experience as a Latin American woman with ties to the United States has brought to her writing a dual cultural perspective.

Jean Franco’s work as a pathbreaking theorist, cultural critic, and scholar has helped to define Latin American studies over the last three decades. In the process, Franco has played a crucial role in developing cultural studies in both the English- and Spanish-speaking worlds. Critical Passions is the first volume to gather a wide-ranging selection of Franco’s influential essays. A key participant in the major debates in Latin American studies—beginning with the “boom” period of the 1960s and continuing through debates on ideology and discourse, Marxism, mass culture, and postmodernism—Franco is recognized for her feminist critique of Latin American writing. While her principal books are all readily available, Franco’s several dozen articles are dispersed in a variety of periodicals in Latin America, Europe, and the United States. Although many of these essays are considered pioneering and classic, they have never before been collected in a single work. In this volume, Mary Louise Pratt and Kathleen Newman have organized the essays into four interrelated sections: feminism and the critique of authoritarianism, mass and popular culture, Latin American literature from the “boom” onward, and the cultural history of Mexico. As a group, these writings demonstrate Franco’s ability to reflect on and judge with equal seriousness all spheres of expression, whether subway graffiti, a fashion manual, or an avant-garde haiku. A bona fide fan of popular and mass media, Franco never allows her critiques to dissolve into the puritanical or reductive; instead, she finds ways to present and debate complex theoretical questions in direct and accessible language. This volume will draw an extensive readership in Latin American, cultural, and women’s studies.

En el marco constitucional venezolano de 1999, nacieron los denominados mecanismos de participacion politica en la esfera economica, entre otras la empresa social y demas formas asociativas guiadas por los valores de la mutua cooperacion y solidaridad. Consecuentemente, el gobierno nacional en el ano 2005, decide modificar el panorama empresarial tradicional, fomentando la creacion de las llamadas empresas de produccion social, que se constituyeron como requisito para contratar con Petroleos de Venezuela y Aluminios del Caroni. En este contexto, su crecimiento ha sido vertiginoso y el grado de importancia ha obtenido un sitial de transcendencia para el pais. Por ende, es necesario la implementacion de medidas favorables para los directivos y trabajadores de este tipo de empresas, donde se sientan las bases fundamentales, en aras de lograr su plena permanencia en el tiempo.

This 1976 book was the first full-length study in English of the poetry of the Peruvian Cesar Vallejo (1892-1938). A major poet, who approached the problem of revolutionary aesthetics in a manner radically different from that of his contemporaries, Vallejo was comparatively little known outside the Spanish-speaking world. This neglect is attributable to the difficulty of a poetry which deliberately resists interpretation and assimilation into the established order of things. Professor Franco's book is therefore an exploration of the problems of poetic production. In the opening biographical chapter, she shows the kind of social constraints which limited what the poet could say, which led him in Trilce (1922) to write a hermetic poetry using euphemism, pun and indirection. She goes on to explore Vallejo's later poetry, which was shaped by the Spanish Civil War and gestures towards the tentative nature of humanity and civilisation that gives the poetry its abiding relevance.

"In a State of Memory" is a novelistic memoir about exile, displacement, and return. Tununa Mercado explores the psychological and physical effects of the narrator's transition into a life in exile: the splintering of her identity, the difficulties of incorporating herself into a host culture, her physical illness, and the haunting memories of her past and the loved ones she left behind. In exile the narrator is constantly confronted with the vicariousness of her experiences--she wears secondhand clothes, buys secondhand furniture, and experiences other people's lives at second hand. After periods of exile in France and Mexico, she returns to Buenos Aires and finds it difficult to recognize the city, to attach memories to particular places. Through flashbacks, recollections, and short narratives, this story powerfully communicates an individual's experience of exile from an emotional and psychological perspective while at the same time linking the individual experience to the collective one. A well-known writer throughout Latin America and beyond, Tununa Mercado is a champion of literary style. Cautious, precise, and attentive to the rhythms of prose, her measured style is her hallmark. She lives in Buenos Aires. "In a State of Memory" is the first book-length English translation of Mercado's work.

This is a revised, updated edition of Jean Franco's classic Introduction to Spanish-American Literature, first published in 1969 and much recommended ever since. Its coverage ranges from colonial times to the present day, the later chapters having been radically rewritten to take account of the most recent developments in both literature and criticism. English translations are provided for Spanish quotations in the text, and the extensively updated reading lists of primary and secondary material refer not only to Spanish texts but also, where available, to editions in English.

This is a revised, updated edition of Jean Franco's classic Introduction to Spanish-American Literature, first published in 1969 and much recommended ever since. Its coverage ranges from colonial times to the present day, the later chapters having been radically rewritten to take account of the most recent developments in both literature and criticism. English translations are provided for Spanish quotations in the text, and the extensively updated reading lists of primary and secondary material refer not only to Spanish texts but also, where available, to editions in English.

The cultural Cold War in Latin America was waged as a war of values--artistic freedom versus communitarianism, Western values versus national cultures, the autonomy of art versus a commitment to liberation struggles--and at a time when the prestige of literature had never been higher. The projects of the historic avant-garde were revitalized by an anti-capitalist ethos and envisaged as the opposite of the republican state. "The Decline and Fall of the Lettered City" charts the conflicting universals of this period, the clash between avant-garde and political vanguard. This was also a twilight of literature at the threshold of the great cultural revolution of the seventies and eighties, a revolution to which the Cold War indirectly contributed. In the eighties, civil war and military rule, together with the rapid development of mass culture and communication empires, changed the political and cultural map.

A long-awaited work by an eminent Latin Americanist widely read throughout the world, this book will prove indispensable to anyone hoping to understand Latin American literature and society. Jean Franco guides the reader across minefields of cultural debate and histories of highly polarized struggle. Focusing on literary texts by Garcia Marquez, Vargas Llosa, Roa Bastos, and Juan Carlos Onetti, conducting us through this contested history with the authority of an eyewitness, Franco gives us an engaging overview as involving as it is moving.