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Studies of women's roles in the secular literary world, as patrons,
authors, readers, and characters in secular literature. This second
volume of proceedings from the `Women and the Book' conference,
held at St Hilda's College, Oxford in 1993, brings together fifteen
papers dealing with women's experience in the secular literary
world. It covers the whole variety of roles women might take, as
patrons, authors, readers, and characters in secular literature;
encompassed in its range are well-known characters, real and
fictional, such as Christine de Pisan and the Wife of Bath, and the
more obscure but no less fascinating topic of women in Chinese
medieval court poetry. Like its predecessor Women, the Book, and
the Godly(Brewer, 1995), this volume illuminates the world of
medieval women with carefulscholarship and attention to sources,
producing new readings and new materials which shed fresh light on
an increasingly important field of study. Contributors: PATRICIA
SKINNER, PHILIP E. BENNETT, JENNIFER GOODMAN, CHARITY
CANNON-WILLARD, BENJAMIN SEMPLE, ANNE BIRRELL, JEANETTE BEER, MARK
BALFOUR, CAROL HARVEY, HEATHER ARDEN, KAREN JAMBECK, JULIA BOFFEY,
JENNIFER SUMMIT, MARGARITA STOCKER
At no time in the history of the West has translation played a more
vital role than in the Middle Ages. Centuries before the appearance
of the first extant vernacular documents, bilingualism, and
preferably trilingualism, was a necessity in the scriptorium and
chancery; and since the emergence of Romance had rendered the
entire corpus of classical literature incomprehensible to all but
the literati, both old and new worlds awaited (re)discovery or, to
use Jerome's metaphor, conquest. The diversity of medieval
translation is illustrated, although not encompassed, by the
diversity of chapters in the present volume. Authors treat the
methods and reception of translators of vernacular to Latin and
vernacular to vernacular, texts of a variety of genres and many
different languages and periods. The collection will present a
welcome offering of different scholarly approaches to the critical
issue of medieval translators and their craft.
Translation and the Transmission of Culture between 1300 and 1600
is a companion volume to Medieval Translators and their Craft
(1989) and, like Medieval Translators, its aim is to provide the
modern reader with a deeper understanding of the early centuries of
translation in France. This collection works from the premise that
translation never was, and should not now be, envisaged as a genre.
Translatio was and continues to be infinitely variable, generating
a correspondingly variable range of products from imitatively
creative poetry to treatises of science. In the exercise of its
multi-faceted set of practices the same controversies occurred then
as now: creation or replication? Literality or freedom? Obligation
to source or obligation to public? For this reason, the editors
avoided periodization, but the volume makes no pretense at temporal
exhaustiveness-the subject of translation is too vast. The
contributors do, however, aim to shed light on several aspects of
translation that have hitherto been neglected and that, despite the
earliness of the period, have relevance to our understanding of
translation whether in France or generally. Like its companion,
this collection will be of interest to scholars of translation,
textual studies, and medieval transmission of texts.
The collection of essays in Translation Theory and Practice in the
Middle Ages arose from a translation symposium at the twenty-eighth
International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, Michigan.
The authors treat a wide range of topics: translation between Latin
and romance languages, the rise of vernacular canonicity, the
interplay of Latin and French in the court of France, the theory of
translation evident in Alfred the Great's ambitious program of
translation of religious works from Latin into Old English,
questions of the impact of classical admonitions on medieval
translation, interpretive translation used to render traditionally
masculine heroes as feminine, the interplay of word and image
relating to gender issues, and bilingualism, concluding with
translation of medieval texts in the modern era. The scholarship on
offer here presents a spectacular collection of modern questions of
medieval translation, certainly an essential text for all scholars
of related issues.
It is fast becoming dogma that French prose emerged out of poetry
by a process of deversification in the thirteenth century. Since
the earliest extant example of written French prose dates back to
the eighth century, this premise cannot be taken at face value.
Prose had been the medium of the clercs for many centuries before
the thirteenth. It had been honed by constant use to all manner of
functions whether legal, diplomatic, epistolary, or edificatory (to
name only those exemplified in this study). Early Prose in France
is above all a reevaluation, an attempt to call into question the
assumption that deversification could have been responsible for the
emergence of such lengthy prose works as the crusading chronicles
and the encyclopedic translations of the early thirteenth century.
In this volume Beer demonstrates the sophisticated stylistic
propensities of Early French prose, an effort long needed that does
a great service to all French literary scholars.
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