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Taxpayer compliance is a voluntary activity, and the degree to
which the tax system works is affected by taxpayers' knowledge that
it is their moral and legal responsibility to pay their taxes.
Taxpayers also recognize that they face a lottery in which not all
taxpayer noncompliance will ever be detected. In the United States
most individuals comply with the tax law, yet the tax gap has grown
significantly over time for individual taxpayers. The US Internal
Revenue Service attempts to ensure that the minority of taxpayers
who are noncompliant pay their fair share with a variety of
enforcement tools and penalties. The Causes and Consequences of
Income Tax Noncompliance provides a comprehensive summary of the
empirical evidence concerning taxpayer noncompliance and presents
innovative research with new results on the role of IRS audit and
enforcements activities on compliance with federal and state income
tax collection. Other issues examined include to what degree
taxpayers respond to the threat of civil and criminal enforcement
and the important role of the media on taxpayer compliance. This
book offers researchers, students, and tax administrators insight
into the allocation of taxpayer compliance enforcement and service
resources, and suggests policies that will prevent further
increases in the tax gap. The book's aggregate data analysis
methods have practical applications not only to taxpayer compliance
but also to other forms of economic behavior, such as welfare
fraud.
This book attempts to explain what went wrong in California's
restructured energy markets and what must be done to restore
California's economy and build new electricity systems. The
intention here is to reconcile the principles of competition and
regulation. California had a severe electricity crisis for about
thirteen months beginning in May of 2000. The economic consequences
and political fallout that arose from this crisis persist.
California's economy continues to suffer and the state's treasury
is deeply in debt. The state's three investor-owned utilities were
nearly financially decimated. San Diego Gas & Electric has
recovered to a greater degree than the other two only because its
retail prices are about three times the national average and, for a
time, well above the other two IOUs in California. Southern
California Edison has recently been restored to investment grade
and was granted a rate increase. Pacific Gas & Electric is
emerging from bankruptcy. This book discusses all of this in
greater detail. The problems and consequences arising from
California's ill-fated foray into electricity market restructuring
could damage the state for years to come. Challenges of this nature
are not new to the Golden State. In the past, as we explain here,
pragmatic, not entrenched, approaches have worked best in
California. If California is to relatively quickly restore its
previous enviable economic vitality and recover from the damage
done to tarnish its luster, pragmatic approaches must again be
used.
Studies in Consumer Demand - Econometric Methods Applied to Market
Data contains eight previously unpublished studies of consumer
demand. Each study stands on its own as a complete econometric
analysis of demand for a well-defined consumer product. The
econometric methods range from simple regression techniques applied
in the first four chapters, to the use of logit and multinomial
logit models used in chapters 5 and 6, to the use of nested logit
models in chapters 6 and 7, and finally to the discrete/continuous
modeling methods used in chapter 8. Emphasis is on applications
rather than econometric theory. In each case, enough detail is
provided for the reader to understand the purpose of the analysis,
the availability and suitability of data, and the econometric
approach to measuring demand.
Empirical Studies In Applied Economics presents nine previously
unpublished analyses in monograph form. In this work, the topics
are presented so that each chapter stands on its own. The emphasis
is on the applications but attention is also given to the
econometric and statistical issues for advanced readers.
Econometric methods include multivariate regression analysis,
limited dependent variable analysis, and other maximum likelihood
techniques. The empirical topics include the measurement of
competition and market power in natural gas transportation markets
and in the pharmaceutical market for chemotherapy drugs. Additional
topics include an empirical analysis of NFL football demand, the
accuracy of an econometric model for mail demand, and the
allocation of police services in rural Alaska. Other chapters
consider the valuation of technology patents and the determination
of patent scope, duration, and reasonable royalty, and the reaction
of financial markets to health scares in the fast-food industry.
Finally, two chapters are devoted to the theory and testing of
synergistic health effects from the combined exposure to asbestos
and cigarette smoking.
Taxpayer compliance is a voluntary activity, and the degree to
which the tax system works is affected by taxpayers' knowledge that
it is their moral and legal responsibility to pay their taxes.
Taxpayers also recognize that they face a lottery in which not all
taxpayer noncompliance will ever be detected. In the United States
most individuals comply with the tax law, yet the tax gap has grown
significantly over time for individual taxpayers. The US Internal
Revenue Service attempts to ensure that the minority of taxpayers
who are noncompliant pay their fair share with a variety of
enforcement tools and penalties. The Causes and Consequences of
Income Tax Noncompliance provides a comprehensive summary of the
empirical evidence concerning taxpayer noncompliance and presents
innovative research with new results on the role of IRS audit and
enforcements activities on compliance with federal and state income
tax collection. Other issues examined include to what degree
taxpayers respond to the threat of civil and criminal enforcement
and the important role of the media on taxpayer compliance. This
book offers researchers, students, and tax administrators insight
into the allocation of taxpayer compliance enforcement and service
resources, and suggests policies that will prevent further
increases in the tax gap. The book's aggregate data analysis
methods have practical applications not only to taxpayer compliance
but also to other forms of economic behavior, such as welfare
fraud.
This book attempts to explain what went wrong in California's
restructured energy markets and what must be done to restore
California's economy and build new electricity systems. The
intention here is to reconcile the principles of competition and
regulation. California had a severe electricity crisis for about
thirteen months beginning in May of 2000. The economic consequences
and political fallout that arose from this crisis persist.
California's economy continues to suffer and the state's treasury
is deeply in debt. The state's three investor-owned utilities were
nearly financially decimated. San Diego Gas & Electric has
recovered to a greater degree than the other two only because its
retail prices are about three times the national average and, for a
time, well above the other two IOUs in California. Southern
California Edison has recently been restored to investment grade
and was granted a rate increase. Pacific Gas & Electric is
emerging from bankruptcy. This book discusses all of this in
greater detail. The problems and consequences arising from
California's ill-fated foray into electricity market restructuring
could damage the state for years to come. Challenges of this nature
are not new to the Golden State. In the past, as we explain here,
pragmatic, not entrenched, approaches have worked best in
California. If California is to relatively quickly restore its
previous enviable economic vitality and recover from the damage
done to tarnish its luster, pragmatic approaches must again be
used.
Empirical Studies In Applied Economics presents nine previously
unpublished analyses in monograph form. In this work, the topics
are presented so that each chapter stands on its own. The emphasis
is on the applications but attention is also given to the
econometric and statistical issues for advanced readers.
Econometric methods include multivariate regression analysis,
limited dependent variable analysis, and other maximum likelihood
techniques. The empirical topics include the measurement of
competition and market power in natural gas transportation markets
and in the pharmaceutical market for chemotherapy drugs. Additional
topics include an empirical analysis of NFL football demand, the
accuracy of an econometric model for mail demand, and the
allocation of police services in rural Alaska. Other chapters
consider the valuation of technology patents and the determination
of patent scope, duration, and reasonable royalty, and the reaction
of financial markets to health scares in the fast-food industry.
Finally, two chapters are devoted to the theory and testing of
synergistic health effects from the combined exposure to asbestos
and cigarette smoking.
Studies in Consumer Demand - Econometric Methods Applied to Market
Data contains eight previously unpublished studies of consumer
demand. Each study stands on its own as a complete econometric
analysis of demand for a well-defined consumer product. The
econometric methods range from simple regression techniques applied
in the first four chapters, to the use of logit and multinomial
logit models used in chapters 5 and 6, to the use of nested logit
models in chapters 6 and 7, and finally to the discrete/continuous
modeling methods used in chapter 8. Emphasis is on applications
rather than econometric theory. In each case, enough detail is
provided for the reader to understand the purpose of the analysis,
the availability and suitability of data, and the econometric
approach to measuring demand.
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