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This book explains advanced theoretical and application-related
issues in grammatical inference, a research area inside the
inductive inference paradigm for machine learning. The first three
chapters of the book deal with issues regarding theoretical
learning frameworks; the next four chapters focus on the main
classes of formal languages according to Chomsky's hierarchy, in
particular regular and context-free languages; and the final
chapter addresses the processing of biosequences. The topics chosen
are of foundational interest with relatively mature and established
results, algorithms and conclusions. The book will be of value to
researchers and graduate students in areas such as theoretical
computer science, machine learning, computational linguistics,
bioinformatics, and cognitive psychology who are engaged with the
study of learning, especially of the structure underlying the
concept to be learned. Some knowledge of mathematics and
theoretical computer science, including formal language theory,
automata theory, formal grammars, and algorithmics, is a
prerequisite for reading this book.
This book explains advanced theoretical and application-related
issues in grammatical inference, a research area inside the
inductive inference paradigm for machine learning. The first three
chapters of the book deal with issues regarding theoretical
learning frameworks; the next four chapters focus on the main
classes of formal languages according to Chomsky's hierarchy, in
particular regular and context-free languages; and the final
chapter addresses the processing of biosequences. The topics chosen
are of foundational interest with relatively mature and established
results, algorithms and conclusions. The book will be of value to
researchers and graduate students in areas such as theoretical
computer science, machine learning, computational linguistics,
bioinformatics, and cognitive psychology who are engaged with the
study of learning, especially of the structure underlying the
concept to be learned. Some knowledge of mathematics and
theoretical computer science, including formal language theory,
automata theory, formal grammars, and algorithmics, is a
prerequisite for reading this book.
This book provides a thorough introduction to the subfield of
theoretical computer science known as grammatical inference from a
computational linguistic perspective. Grammatical inference
provides principled methods for developing computationally sound
algorithms that learn structure from strings of symbols. The
relationship to computational linguistics is natural because many
research problems in computational linguistics are learning
problems on words, phrases, and sentences: What algorithm can take
as input some finite amount of data (for instance a corpus,
annotated or otherwise) and output a system that behaves
"correctly" on specific tasks? Throughout the text, the key
concepts of grammatical inference are interleaved with illustrative
examples drawn from problems in computational linguistics. Special
attention is paid to the notion of "learning bias." In the context
of computational linguistics, such bias can be thought to reflect
common (ideally universal) properties of natural languages. This
bias can be incorporated either by identifying a learnable class of
languages which contains the language to be learned or by using
particular strategies for optimizing parameter values. Examples are
drawn largely from two linguistic domains (phonology and syntax)
which span major regions of the Chomsky Hierarchy (from regular to
context-sensitive classes). The conclusion summarizes the major
lessons and open questions that grammatical inference brings to
computational linguistics. Table of Contents: List of Figures /
List of Tables / Preface / Studying Learning / Formal Learning /
Learning Regular Languages / Learning Non-Regular Languages /
Lessons Learned and Open Problems / Bibliography / Author
Biographies
Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but
their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and
wonder. These issues come to the forefront in acquisition, where
the tension between the abstract mental representations and the
concrete physical manifestations of stress and accent is deeply
reflected. Understanding the nature of the representations of
stress and accent patterns, and understanding how stress and accent
patterns are learned, informs all aspects of linguistic theory and
language acquisition. These two themes - representation and
acquisition - form the organizational backbone of this book. Each
is addressed along different dimensions of stress and accent,
including the position of an accent or stress within various
prosodic domains and the acoustic dimensions along which the
pronunciation of stress and accent may vary. The research presented
in the book is multidisciplinary, encompassing theoretical
linguistics, speech science, and computational and experimental
research.
Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but
their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and
wonder. These issues come to the forefront in the phonetic
manifestation of stress and accent, their cross-linguistic
variation and the subtle and intricate laws they obey in individual
languages. Understanding the nature of stress and accent systems
informs all aspects of linguistic theory, methods, typology and
especially the grammatical analysis of language data. These themes
form the organizational backbone of this book. Bringing together a
team of world-renowned phonologists, the volume covers a range of
typological and theoretical issues in the study of stress and
accent. It will appeal to researchers who value synergistic
approaches to the study of stress and accent, careful attention to
cross-linguistic variation, and detailed analyzes of both
well-studied and understudied languages. The book is a lively
testimony of a field of inquiry that shows progress, while also
identifying questions for ongoing research.
Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but
their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and
wonder. These issues come to the forefront in acquisition, where
the tension between the abstract mental representations and the
concrete physical manifestations of stress and accent is deeply
reflected. Understanding the nature of the representations of
stress and accent patterns, and understanding how stress and accent
patterns are learned, informs all aspects of linguistic theory and
language acquisition. These two themes - representation and
acquisition - form the organizational backbone of this book. Each
is addressed along different dimensions of stress and accent,
including the position of an accent or stress within various
prosodic domains and the acoustic dimensions along which the
pronunciation of stress and accent may vary. The research presented
in the book is multidisciplinary, encompassing theoretical
linguistics, speech science, and computational and experimental
research.
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