This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality? In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries. Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.

International migration has long been a topic of debate. In the West, questions concerning its causes and consequences have always influenced policy. As a result, much has been written on the historical role of immigration although this has largely focused on social rather than economic history. "Migration and the International Labour Market 1850-1939" redresses this imbalance and puts the emphasis firmly on economic issues. This volume concentrates on the two central aspects of international migration - the forces which cause it and its economic effect. While the stress is placed firmly on examining the economic forces in migration with quantitative evidence. The contributors are drawn from a wide range of countries representing both the Old and the New Worlds. Each of them examines and tests the validity of migration theories in the historical setting. In some cases migration is viewed from a comparative perspective - an approach which is facilitated by new data on internationally comparable real wages. The authors also look at the responsiveness of migration from different countries to international wage differentials and the degree of international labour market integration.

International migration has long been a topic of debate. In the West, questions concerning its causes and consequences have always influenced policy. As a result, much has been written on the historical role of immigration although this has largely focused on social rather than economic history. "Migration and the International Labour Market 1850-1939" redresses this imbalance and puts the emphasis firmly on economic issues. This volume concentrates on the two central aspects of international migration - the forces which cause it and its economic effect. While the stress is placed firmly on examining the economic forces in migration with quantitative evidence. The contributors are drawn from a wide range of countries representing both the Old and the New Worlds. Each of them examines and tests the validity of migration theories in the historical setting. In some cases migration is viewed from a comparative perspective - an approach which is facilitated by new data on internationally comparable real wages. The authors also look at the responsiveness of migration from different countries to international wage differentials and the degree of international labour market integration.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality? In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries. Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.

The basic purpose of Williamson's study is to determine whether the Kuznets cycles, or long swings in the domestic economy, have had any consistent effect on U. S. foreign trade and, as a result, on the nation's balance-of-payments position. The author has chosen the period from 1820 to 1913 and has studied it in detail.
Originally published in 1964.
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