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Archaeologists have focused a great deal of attention on explaining
the evolution of village societies and the transition to a
'Neolithic' way of life. Considerable interest has also
concentrated on urbanism and the rise of the earliest cities.
Between these two landmarks in human cultural development lies a
critical stage in social and political evolution. Throughout world,
at various points in time, people living in small, dispersed
village communities have come together into larger and more complex
social formations. These community aggregates were, essentially,
middle-range; situated between the earliest villages and emergent
chiefdoms and states. This volume explores the social processes
involved in the creation and maintenance of aggregated communities
and how they brought about revolutionary transformations that
affected virtually every aspect of a society and its culture. While
there have been a number of studies that address coalescence from a
regional perspective, less is understood about how aggregated
communities functioned internally. The key premise explored in this
volume is that large-scale, long-term cultural transformations were
ultimately enacted in the context of daily practices, interactions,
and what might be otherwise considered the mundane aspects of
everyday life. How did these processes play out "on the ground" in
diverse and historically contingent settings? What are the
strategies and mechanisms that people adopt in order to facilitate
living in larger social formations? What changes in social
relations occur when people come together? This volume employs a
broadly cross-cultural approach to interrogating these questions,
employing case studies which span four continents and more than
10,000 years of human history.
Archaeologists have focused a great deal of attention on explaining
the evolution of village societies and the transition to a
'Neolithic' way of life. Considerable interest has also
concentrated on urbanism and the rise of the earliest cities.
Between these two landmarks in human cultural development lies a
critical stage in social and political evolution. Throughout world,
at various points in time, people living in small, dispersed
village communities have come together into larger and more complex
social formations. These community aggregates were, essentially,
middle-range; situated between the earliest villages and emergent
chiefdoms and states. This volume explores the social processes
involved in the creation and maintenance of aggregated communities
and how they brought about revolutionary transformations that
affected virtually every aspect of a society and its culture. While
there have been a number of studies that address coalescence from a
regional perspective, less is understood about how aggregated
communities functioned internally. The key premise explored in this
volume is that large-scale, long-term cultural transformations were
ultimately enacted in the context of daily practices, interactions,
and what might be otherwise considered the mundane aspects of
everyday life. How did these processes play out "on the ground" in
diverse and historically contingent settings? What are the
strategies and mechanisms that people adopt in order to facilitate
living in larger social formations? What changes in social
relations occur when people come together? This volume employs a
broadly cross-cultural approach to interrogating these questions,
employing case studies which span four continents and more than
10,000 years of human history.
The emergence of village societies out of hunter-gatherer groups
profoundly transformed social relations in every part of the world
where such communities formed. Drawing on the latest archaeological
and historical evidence, this volume explores the development of
villages in eastern North America from the Late Archaic period to
the eighteenth century. Sites analyzed here include the Kolomoki
village in Georgia, Mississippian communities in Tennessee,
palisaded villages in the Appalachian Highlands of Virginia, and
Iroquoian settlements in New York and Ontario. Contributors use
rich data sets and contemporary social theory to describe what
these villages looked like, what their rules and cultural norms
were, what it meant to be a villager, what cosmological beliefs and
ritual systems were held at these sites, and how villages connected
with each other in regional networks. They focus on how power
dynamics played out at the local level and among interacting
communities. Highlighting the similarities and differences in the
histories of village formation in the region, these essays trace
the processes of negotiation, cooperation, and competition that
arose as part of village life and changed societies. This volume
shows how studying these village communities helps archaeologists
better understand the forces behind human cultural change. A volume
in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series.
This is the first detailed analysis of a completely excavated
northern Iroquoian community, a sixteenth-century ancestral Wendat
village on the north shore of Lake Ontario. The site resulted from
the coalescence of multiple small villages into one well-planned
and well-integrated community. Jennifer Birch and Ronald F.
Williamson frame the development of this community in the context
of a historical sequence of site relocations. The social processes
that led to its formation, the political and economic lives of its
inhabitants, and their relationships to other populations in
northeastern North America are explored using multiple scales of
analysis. This book is key for those interested in the history and
archaeology of eastern North America, the social, political, and
economic organization of Iroquoian societies, the archaeology of
communities, and processes of settlement aggregation.
This is the first detailed analysis of a completely excavated
northern Iroquoian community, a sixteenth-century ancestral Wendat
village on the north shore of Lake Ontario. The site resulted from
the coalescence of multiple small villages into one well-planned
and well-integrated community. Jennifer Birch and Ronald F.
Williamson frame the development of this community in the context
of a historical sequence of site relocations. The social processes
that led to its formation, the political and economic lives of its
inhabitants, and their relationships to other populations in
northeastern North America are explored using multiple scales of
analysis. This book is key for those interested in the history and
archaeology of eastern North America, the social, political, and
economic organization of Iroquoian societies, the archaeology of
communities, and processes of settlement aggregation.
Explores the archaeology of Mississippian communities and
households using new data and advances in method and theory First
published in 1995, Mississippian Communities and Households, edited
by J. Daniel Rogers and Bruce D. Smith, was a foundational text
that advanced southeastern archaeology in significant ways and
brought household-level archaeology to the forefront of the field.
The impressive breadth of case studies presented allowed
archaeologists to grapple with the complexities of Mississippian
social organization across the region. Reconsidering Mississippian
Communitiesand Households revisits and builds on what has been
learned in the years since the Rogers and Smith volume. Edited by
Elizabeth Watts Malouchos and Alleen Betzenhauser, this new volume
advances the field further with the diverse perspectives of current
social theory and methods and big data as applied to communities in
Native America from the AD 900s to 1700s and from northeast Florida
to southwest Arkansas. The book is divided into four parts with
overarching themes: articulating communities and households;
coalescing and conflicting communities; community and cosmos; and
movement, memory, and histories. Watts Malouchos and Betzenhauser
bring together scholars researching diverse Mississippian Southeast
and Midwest sites to investigate aspects of community and household
construction, maintenance, and dissolution. By tacking back and
forth between daily domestic practices and wider communal
landscapes, contributors engage with communities and households as
locations of daily social, political, economic, and religious
negotiations. Thirteen original case studies prove that community
can be enacted and expressed in various ways, including in
feasting, pottery styles, war and conflict, and mortuary
treatments.
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