Established in 1987, Tocharian and Indo-European Studies (TIES) is an international scholarly journal with contributions in English, German, and French. The journal's central topic is formed by the two closely related languages Tocharian A and B, attested in Central Asian Buddhist manuscripts dating from the second half of the first millennium AD. The journal focuses on philological and linguistic aspects of Tocharian, and its relation with the other Indo-European languages. Volume 11 of the series includes the following: How to Tell a Sheep's Age and Some Other Animal Husbandry Terms in Tocharian B * New and Improved Words: Additions and Corrections to A Dictionary of Tocharian Part I: Words Beginning with Vowels * Tocharian 'Carnel' * The Tocharian A Forms nas=am, nas=am and n=am, n=am Revisited * Ein singularer Fall von verbalem Ablaut im Tocharischen? * Reflexes of the Deletion and Insertion of Proto-Tocharian in Tocharian B.

"Tocharian and Indo-Eu-ropean Studies" is the central publication for the study of two closely related languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B. Found in many Buddhist manuscripts from central Asia, Tocharian dates back to the second half of the first millennium of the Common Era, though it was not discovered until the twentieth century. Focusing on both philological and linguistic aspects of this language, "Tocharian and Indo-Eu-ropean Studies "also looks at it in relationship to other Indo-European languages.

"Tocharian and Indo-Eu-ropean Studies" is the central publication for the study of two closely related languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B. Found in many Buddhist manuscripts from central Asia, Tocharian dates back to the second half of the first millennium of the Common Era, though it was not discovered until the twentieth century. Focusing on both philological and linguistic aspects of this language, "Tocharian and Indo-Eu-ropean Studies "also looks at it in relationship to other Indo-European languages.

One of the most detailed and comprehensive studies of Indo-European phonology, this book brings together leading linguists working in Indo-European studies to examine both the broadest definitions of the group -- from minute phonetics to abstract levels of phonemics centring on all varieties of Indo-European -- and individual branches, with contributions on Celtic, Anatolian, Germanic, Indo-Iranian, Italic, Armenian, and even Euphratic.

This volume contains selected papers from a symposium on "Internal Reconstruction in Indo-European: Methods, Results and Problems," which formed a subsection of the 16th International Conference on Historical Linguistics held at the University of Copenhagen. Internal reconstruction is what the historical linguist resorts to when the possibilities of more traditional comparative reconstruction have been exhausted. This is certainly the case at the level of the protolanguage. When Proto-Indo-European has been reconstructed on the basis of a painstaking comparative analysis of the entire data field drawing on the full range of extant IE languages, there are, quite often, questions still left unanswered. Comparable methods can be applied to later stages of the language where the immediate prehistory is not accessible or corroboration is wanted. Today, internal reconstruction is routinely applied at all levels of historical linguistic analysis as one of the tools that open up the linguistic