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"Shifting Baselines" explores the real-world implications of a
groundbreaking idea: we must understand the oceans of the past to
protect the oceans of the future. In 1995, acclaimed marine
biologist Daniel Pauly coined the term "shifting baselines" to
describe a phenomenon of lowered expectations, in which each
generation regards a progressively poorer natural world as normal.
This seminal volume expands on Pauly's work, showing how skewed
visions of the past have led to disastrous marine policies and why
historical perspective is critical to revitalize fisheries and
ecosystems.
Edited by marine ecologists Jeremy Jackson and Enric Sala, and
historian Karen Alexander, the book brings together knowledge from
disparate disciplines to paint a more realistic picture of past
fisheries. The authors use case studies on the cod fishery and the
connection between sardine and anchovy populations, among others,
to explain various methods for studying historic trends and the
intricate relationships between species. Subsequent chapters offer
recommendations about both specific research methods and effective
management. This practical information is framed by inspiring
essays by Carl Safina and Randy Olson on a personal experience of
shifting baselines and the importance of human stories in
describing this phenomenon to a broad public.
While each contributor brings a different expertise to bear, all
agree on the importance of historical perspective for effective
fisheries management. Readers, from students to professionals, will
benefit enormously from this informed hindsight.
With all the recent advances in molecular and evolutionary biology,
one could almost wonder why we need the fossil record. Molecular
sequence data can resolve taxonomic relationships, experiments with
fruit flies demonstrate evolution and development in real time, and
field studies of Galapagos finches have provided the strongest
evidence for natural selection ever measured in the wild. What,
then, can fossils teach us that living organisms cannot?
"Evolutionary Patterns" demonstrates the rich variety of clues to
evolution that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Chief among
these are the major trends and anomalies in species development
revealed only by "deep time," such as periodic mass extinctions and
species that remain unchanged in form for millions of years.
Contributors explore modes of development, the tempo of speciation
and extinction, and macroevolutionary patterns and trends. The
result is an important contribution to paleobiology and
evolutionary biology, and a spirited defense of the fossil record
as a crucial tool for understanding evolution and development.
The contributors are Ann F. Budd, Efstathia Bura, Leo W. Buss, Mike
Foote, Jorn Geister, Stephen Jay Gould, Eckart Hakansson,
Jean-Georges Harmelin, Lee-Ann C. Hayek, Jeremy B. C. Jackson,
Kenneth G. Johnson, Nancy Knowlton, Scott Lidgard, Frank K.
McKinney, Daniel W. McShea, Ross H. Nehm, Beth Okamura, John M.
Pandolfi, Paul D. Taylor, and Erik Thomsen.
"Shifting Baselines" explores the real-world implications of a
groundbreaking idea: we must understand the oceans of the past to
protect the oceans of the future. In 1995, acclaimed marine
biologist Daniel Pauly coined the term "shifting baselines" to
describe a phenomenon of lowered expectations, in which each
generation regards a progressively poorer natural world as normal.
This seminal volume expands on Pauly's work, showing how skewed
visions of the past have led to disastrous marine policies and why
historical perspective is critical to revitalize fisheries and
ecosystems.
Edited by marine ecologists Jeremy Jackson and Enric Sala, and
historian Karen Alexander, the book brings together knowledge from
disparate disciplines to paint a more realistic picture of past
fisheries. The authors use case studies on the cod fishery and the
connection between sardine and anchovy populations, among others,
to explain various methods for studying historic trends and the
intricate relationships between species. Subsequent chapters offer
recommendations about both specific research methods and effective
management. This practical information is framed by inspiring
essays by Carl Safina and Randy Olson on a personal experience of
shifting baselines and the importance of human stories in
describing this phenomenon to a broad public.
While each contributor brings a different expertise to bear, all
agree on the importance of historical perspective for effective
fisheries management. Readers, from students to professionals, will
benefit enormously from this informed hindsight.
An insightful look at the American environmental crisis and
emerging solutions from the heartland to the coasts in the era of
global climate changeā Eminent ecologist Jeremy B. C. Jackson and
award-winning journalist Steve Chapple traveled the length of the
Mississippi River interviewing farmers, fishermen, scientists, and
policymakers to better understand the mounting environmental
problems ravaging the United States. Along their journey, which
quickly expands to California, Florida, and New York, the pair
uncovered surprising and profound connections between ecological
systems and environmental crises across the country. Artfully
weaving together independent research and engaging storytelling,
Jackson and Chapple examine the looming threats from recent
hurricanes and fires, industrial agriculture, river mismanagement,
extreme weather events, drought, and rising sea levels that are
pushing the country toward the breaking point of ecological and
economic collapse. Yet, despite these challenges, the authors
provide optimistic and practical solutions for addressing these
multidimensional issues to achieve greater environmental stability,
human well-being, and future economic prosperity. With a passionate
call to action, they look hopefully toward emerging and achievable
solutions to preserve the country's future.
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