People with catatonia suffer from rigid stupors and/or lashing about excitedly. When the DSM-III (APA, 1987) was published, catatonia was included only as a subtype of schizophrenia. However, clinicians noticed that catatonic symptoms appeared in people who were not schizophrenic. When the DSM-IV (APA, 1994) was published, allowance was made for catatonia to be diagnosed as a result of a mood disorder or medical condition. Despite these changes, the precedent of diagnosing schizophrenia whenever catatonic symptoms are exhibited remains prevalent. Some speculate that mental health professionals are unaware that catatonia can exist apart from schizophrenia, and such ignorance may lead to inappropriate treatment. Catatonia has additionally been observed in people who do not meet criteria for schizophrenia, a mood disorder, or a general medical condition, suggesting that catatonia is a unique syndrome. Despite this evidence, catatonia was not recognized as a syndrome in the DSM-IV. Taylor & Fink (2003) argue for the inclusion of catatonia as a distinct and separate syndrome. This study attempted to assess the beliefs of mental health professionals on the issue.

The Recording Industry Association of America claims to lose millions of dollars each year from music piracy (RIAA, 2007). Instead of causing loss, digital music piracy may activate norms of reciprocity in individuals pirating. When pirating music, people may feel some obligation to reciprocate by purchasing music or related merchandise. The theory of planned behavior was used to investigate such a possibility and to provide a framework for scale development. Reliable scales were developed for all measured constructs. Regarding piracy, the RIAA's claim may have some merit. Specifically, previous piracy was associated with decreased reported likelihood to purchase music. However, previous piracy may make one more likely to make music-related purchases in the future. Reciprocity partially mediates this relationship. It appears that, at least to some degree, when the RIAA makes its contentions against piracy, it spurns some of its own merchandise consumers.