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Most publications on heavy metals and the environment have focused
on environmental pathways and risks. The present book establishes a
link between the environmental risks of heavy metals and the
societal causes of the risks. Economic models, substance flow
models and environmental fate and risk assessment models have been
integrated into a single analytical framework that has been used to
trace and understand the routes by which four heavy metals enter
the economy, through to their final destination in the environment.
The long-term impacts of the current metals management regime in
the Netherlands have been used as a case study by which to assess
the effectiveness of certain policy measures. Readership:
Environmental scientists, especially those practising in the areas
of ecological economics, industrial ecology, materials flow
accounting and integrated environmental assessment. Environmental
policy makers will also find the book an invaluable aid in their
deliberations.
In 1992 the Centre of Environmental Science (CML) at Leiden
University, The Netherlands, published a Guide on Environmental
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Many copies of this guide
have been sold all over the world, setting the standard for a long
time.
Since then LCA methodology has progressed enormously and the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published
a series of Standards on LCA. These developments have now been
incorporated into a new Handbook on LCA authored by CML in
cooperation with a number of other important institutes in the area
of LCA.
The general aim of this Handbook on LCA is to provide a stepwise
cookbook' with operational guidelines for conducting an LCA study
step-by-step, justified by a scientific background document, based
on the ISO Standards for LCA. The different ISO elements and
requirements are made operational to the best available practice'
for each step.
This book will appeal to persons from a wide range of scientific
disciplines working in industry, in government, as consultants, or
at university, who are interested in learning more about LCA and in
performing LCA studies. It will be of especial interest to students
and researchers in the field of LCA, industrial ecology, and those
interested in environmental sciences in general.
CML is strongly involved in the development of a standard
methodology to determine environmental impacts of products, i.e.,
LCA. This is done within international fora such as the Society for
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the United Nations
Environmental Programme (UNEP).
Most publications on heavy metals and the environment have focused
on environmental pathways and risks. The present book establishes a
link between the environmental risks of heavy metals and the
societal causes of the risks. Economic models, substance flow
models and environmental fate and risk assessment models have been
integrated into a single analytical framework that has been used to
trace and understand the routes by which four heavy metals enter
the economy, through to their final destination in the environment.
The long-term impacts of the current metals management regime in
the Netherlands have been used as a case study by which to assess
the effectiveness of certain policy measures. Readership:
Environmental scientists, especially those practising in the areas
of ecological economics, industrial ecology, materials flow
accounting and integrated environmental assessment. Environmental
policy makers will also find the book an invaluable aid in their
deliberations.
In 1992 the Centre of Environmental Science (CML) at Leiden
University, The Netherlands, published a Guide on Environmental
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Many copies of this guide
have been sold all over the world, setting the standard for a long
time.
Since then LCA methodology has progressed enormously and the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published
a series of Standards on LCA. These developments have now been
incorporated into a new Handbook on LCA authored by CML in
cooperation with a number of other important institutes in the area
of LCA.
The general aim of this Handbook on LCA is to provide a stepwise
cookbook' with operational guidelines for conducting an LCA study
step-by-step, justified by a scientific background document, based
on the ISO Standards for LCA. The different ISO elements and
requirements are made operational to the best available practice'
for each step.
This book will appeal to persons from a wide range of scientific
disciplines working in industry, in government, as consultants, or
at university, who are interested in learning more about LCA and in
performing LCA studies. It will be of especial interest to students
and researchers in the field of LCA, industrial ecology, and those
interested in environmental sciences in general.
CML is strongly involved in the development of a standard
methodology to determine environmental impacts of products, i.e.,
LCA. This is done within international fora such as the Society for
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the United Nations
Environmental Programme (UNEP).
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