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Brazil's Northeast has traditionally been considered one of the
country's poorest and most underdeveloped areas. In this
impassioned work, the Brazilian historian Durval Muniz de
Albuquerque Jr. investigates why Northeasterners are marginalized
and stereotyped not only by inhabitants of other parts of Brazil
but also by "nordestinos" themselves. His broader question though,
is how "the Northeast" came into existence. Tracing the history of
its invention, he finds that the idea of the Northeast was formed
after independence, when elites around Brazil became preoccupied
with building a nation. Diverse phenomena--from drought policies to
messianic movements, banditry to new regional political
blocs--helped to consolidate this novel concept, the Northeast.
Politicians, intellectuals, writers, and artists, often
"nordestinos," played key roles in making the region cohere as a
space of common references and concerns. Ultimately, Albuqerque
urges historians to question received concepts, such as regions and
regionalism, to reveal their artifice and abandon static categories
in favor of new, more granular understandings.
Brazil's Northeast has traditionally been considered one of the
country's poorest and most underdeveloped areas. In this
impassioned work, the Brazilian historian Durval Muniz de
Albuquerque Jr. investigates why Northeasterners are marginalized
and stereotyped not only by inhabitants of other parts of Brazil
but also by nordestinos themselves. His broader question though, is
how "the Northeast" came into existence. Tracing the history of its
invention, he finds that the idea of the Northeast was formed in
the early twentieth century, when elites around Brazil became
preoccupied with building a nation. Diverse phenomena—from
drought policies to messianic movements, banditry to new regional
political blocs—helped to consolidate this novel concept, the
Northeast. Politicians, intellectuals, writers, and artists, often
nordestinos, played key roles in making the region cohere as a
space of common references and concerns. Ultimately, Albuqerque
urges historians to question received concepts, such as regions and
regionalism, to reveal their artifice and abandon static categories
in favor of new, more granular understandings. Â
In People of Faith, Mariza de Carvalho Soares reconstructs the
everyday lives of Mina slaves transported in the eighteenth century
to Rio de Janeiro from the western coast of Africa, particularly
from modern-day Benin. She describes a Catholic lay brotherhood
formed by the enslaved Mina congregants of a Rio church, and she
situates the brotherhood in a panoramic setting encompassing the
historical development of the Atlantic slave trade in West Africa
and the ethnic composition of Mina slaves in eighteenth-century
Rio. Although Africans from the Mina Coast constituted no more than
ten percent of the slave population of Rio, they were a strong
presence in urban life at the time. Soares analyzes the role that
Catholicism, and particularly lay brotherhoods, played in Africans'
construction of identities under slavery in colonial Brazil. As in
the rest of the Portuguese empire, black lay brotherhoods in Rio
engaged in expressions of imperial pomp through elaborate
festivals, processions, and funerals; the election of kings and
queens; and the organization of royal courts. Drawing mainly on
ecclesiastical documents, Soares reveals the value of church
records for historical research.
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