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In the panorama of studies related to the ability of lands to
support both natural processes and agricultural production
activities, this research introduces a still unexplored or
under-studied theme which is that of the relationship between urban
sprawl in its various forms and land quality. The first part of the
book is dedicated to the motivations and the theoretical premises
from which the research originates, connected to the concept of
land and those of sustainable urban form. The second part concerns
the complex path towards a sustainable use of land, both in terms
of institutional and regulatory measures, and in terms of knowledge
and understanding of soil degradation processes. This research
focuses on the Mediterranean area which is discussed in more detail
in the third part. In this part of Europe we try to establish
relationships between settlement dynamics and land quality: here
fragile ecosystems are diffused both from a biological point of
view. physical as well as socio-economic, here we find landscapes
that are particularly sensitive to land degradation processes
(subject to land degradation, considered the antipodes of land
quality) and which in recent decades have been particularly
affected by anthropic pressure. In the fourth part, an analysis is
presented concerning 76 metropolitan areas representative of
southern Europe. The methodology used in this analysis is based on
the relationship that exists between soil sealing (or soil
waterproofing) and land degradation (or land degradation) aimed at
an interpretation, at the metropolitan scale, of how in southern
Europe the pattern of Urbanization (compact, dispersive,
intermediate) affects the land's ability to support both natural
processes and agricultural production activities in a diversified
way. In particular, the data on land quality and data on land use
were considered together in order to analyze the processes of urban
growth and the occupation of productive land for a very large area
that includes Greece, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and some parts
of the Adriatic coast. There is still a long way to go, in terms of
sharing, integration and definition of strategies aimed at
achieving certain targets. A necessary and innovative look towards
land quality could help to consider the protection of the soil as a
whole, even at the planning level.
Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes provides
readers with a general and indispensable overview of processing
rainfall processes through radar techniques, numerical models,
geostatistical tools, photogrammetric methods, plots, indexes of
connectivity or rainfall simulations. The handbook follows a clear
and consistent format, and is structured as follows: Introduction
(State-of-the-Art); Part 1. Rainfall and climate/atmosphere; Part
2. Models and applications; Part 3. Rainfall as a key actor playing
the main role affecting different ecosystems. Part 3: Rainfall
affecting the earth surface from different scales and landforms;
Part 4: Rainfall and stormwater quality management in urban and
rural areas. Precipitation is a key factor needed for understanding
landscape evolution and ecosystem services. Knowing the main
precipitation composition, mechanisms and processes allows for
efficient land management plans and ecosystem restoration
activities. However, precipitation shows different responses under
specific environments depending on the climate (from the arid to
the polar areas), parent material, scale (from the raindrops to
catchment scale), intensity, landscape morphologies (soil sealing,
rills, gullies or rivers) or human activities (agriculture or urban
areas). Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes bring
this information together and provides indispensable material in a
holistic manner for students, scientists and lecturers from
different environmental disciplines such as climatology,
meteorology, geomorphology, hydrology, soil science, geography,
engineering, or ecology.
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