What was crime in ancient Rome? Was it defined by law or social attitudes? How did damage to the individual differ from offences against the community as a whole? This book explores competing legal and extra-legal discourses in a number of areas, including theft, official malpractice, treason, sexual misconduct, crimes of violence, homicide, magic and perceptions of deviance. It argues that court practice was responsive to social change, despite the ingrained conservatism of the legal tradition, and that judges and litigants were in part responsible for the harsher operation of justice in Late Antiquity. Consideration is also given to how attitudes to crime were shaped not only by legal experts but also by the rhetorical education and practices of advocates, and by popular and even elite indifference to the finer points of law.

Law and Empire is the first systematic treatment in English by a historian of the nature, aims and efficacy of public law in the society of the Later Roman Empire. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the author offers new interpretations of central issues in the study of Roman law--what it was and how effective: contemporary attitudes to torture and punishment, judicial corruption, and the settlement of disputes.

Law and Empire is the first systematic treatment in English by a historian of the nature, aims and efficacy of public law in the society of the Later Roman Empire. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the author offers new interpretations of central issues in the study of Roman law--what it was and how effective: contemporary attitudes to torture and punishment, judicial corruption, and the settlement of disputes.

What was crime in ancient Rome? Was it defined by law or social attitudes? How did damage to the individual differ from offences against the community as a whole? This book explores competing legal and extra-legal discourses in a number of areas, including theft, official malpractice, treason, sexual misconduct, crimes of violence, homicide, magic and perceptions of deviance. It argues that court practice was responsive to social change, despite the ingrained conservatism of the legal tradition, and that judges and litigants were in part responsible for the harsher operation of justice in Late Antiquity. Consideration is also given to how attitudes to crime were shaped not only by legal experts but also by the rhetorical education and practices of advocates, and by popular and even elite indifference to the finer points of law.

This book is about the reinvention of the Roman Empire during the eighty years between the accession of Diocletian and the death of Julian. How had it changed? The emperors were still warriors and expected to take the field. Rome was still the capital, at least symbolically. There was still a Roman senate, though with new rules brought in by Constantine. There were still provincial governors, but more now and with fewer duties in smaller areas; and military command was increasingly separated from civil jurisdiction and administration. The neighbours in Persia, Germania and on the Danube were more assertive and better organised, which had a knock-on effect on Roman institutions. The achievement of Diocletian and his successors down to Julian was to create a viable apparatus of control which allowed a large and at times unstable area to be policed, defended and exploited. The book offers a different perspective on the development often taken to be the distinctive feature of these years, namely the rise of Christianity. Imperial endorsement and patronage of the Christian god and the expanded social role of the Church are a significant prelude to the Byzantine state. The author argues that the reigns of the Christian-supporting Constantine and his sons were a foretaste of what was to come, but not a complete or coherent statement of how Church and State were to react with each other.

Forex - or foreign currency trading - is the biggest market in the world. About $2 trillion changes hands every day. And anyone can get involved - trading from home and earning money online. It's an exciting and incredibly volatile market - which means it's easy, all too easy to get it painfully wrong. But what if you had the keys to success at forex? What if you knew exactly how to prepare yourself to enter the ring and fight to win? What if you understood the secret psychology of the most successful traders? And what if you discovered you could learn the tricks and techniques of these successful entrepreneurs - and use them to make money? And what if you found out exactly how to use a money management plan to lock yourself out of unacceptable loss? Well, read this book and you'll have all that and more. Truly, the forex market is a place where anyone can take a slice of the biggest financial pie in the world. In the end only you can decide if forex is a market you truly want to be in. And you can do this with absolutely no risk to your savings Just follow the guidelines in this book - and who knows - you might just change your life.

A detailed study of the education and training of information professionals in China, including the People's Republic, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, offering insights into history, the present situation, and future scenarios. Chapters concentrate on educational and pedagogical matters in an apolitical fashion. Subjects include history of library science education, employment conditions of library school educators, and international cooperation in library science education. Includes a directory of library and information programs of higher education and a list of library conferences in China.

The Theodosian Code, put together under the Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II, is a compliation of the laws dating from 312 to 438 AD, when the code was published. It brought order to a vast unmanageable body of law and formed part of the basis for the sixth-century Institutes of Justinian, fundamental to later jurisprudence. This book is an important collection of articles, well established as an essential resource for students of Roman law, long unavailable and here published in paperback for the first time with a new preface and updated bibliography. Contributors: Simon Corcoran; Brian Croke; Judith Evans Grubbs; Jill Harries; Tony Honore; David Hunt; John Matthews; Boudewijn Sirks; Mark Vessey; Dafydd Walters; Ian Wood.

The fifth century AD was a period of military turmoil and political upheaval in Western Europe. The career of the Gallo-Roman senator and bishop, Sidonius Apollinaris (c. 430-c. 485), holder of government office under three Roman emperors and later bishop of Clermont Ferrand, vividly illustrates the processes which undermined Roman rule. A champion of Latin letters and Roman aristocratic values, Sidonius was also for most of his career an advocate of co-operation with the Goths of Aquitaine. Both a career politician and an ardent Christian, Sidonius in his writings reveals both the confusion of loyalties afflicting an aristocracy under threat and the compromises necessary for survival. This book, the first in English on its subject for sixty years, argues that Sidonius adapted literary conventions and exploited accepted techniques of allusion to explain his dilemmas, justify his own role, and convey his personal understanding of, and response to, the fall of Rome.