Based on selected papers from the International Association of Legislation’s 2018 Conference at Antwerp University this book considers the challenges posed by lawmaking in multi-level settings. It covers all multi-tiered systems, but a major focus is on the EU, where the tension between autonomy and efficacy is most evident. Part I examines the topic at the broadest level, including all types of multi-tiered systems. Part II focuses on the EU perspective and Part III on the perspective of the Member States. The authors are experts in various disciplines as well as practitioners, ensuring a multi-disciplinary approach.