The first major study of the history of British "bad girls," this book uses a wide range of professional, popular and personal texts to explore the experiences of girls in the twentieth century juvenile justice system, examine the processes leading to their definition as delinquent, defective or neglected, and analyses possibilities for reform.

The first major study of the history of British "bad girls," this book uses a wide range of professional, popular and personal texts to explore the experiences of girls in the twentieth century juvenile justice system, examine the processes leading to their definition as delinquent, defective or neglected, and analyses possibilities for reform.

The first major study of the history of British "bad girls", this book uses a wide range of professional, popular, and personal texts to explore the experiences of girls in the 20th century juvenile justice system. It examines the processes leading to their definition as variously delinquent, defective or neglected and analyzes the different possibilities for public and private reform made available to them. It shows how "bad girls", though few in number, posed a recurring challenge to established generational and gender orders, and questions the popular contemporary belief that "rising" delinquency among girls has been the product of late-20th century social changes.

The authors use regulation to explain the antecedents to current welfare developments in Britain. From discussion of the 'Speenhamland System', the struggle for Family Allowance and a National Minimum Wage, they show how first a Conservative government in the 1970s, and more recently 'New Labour', have used in-work benefits so that today they have become the preferred instrument of intervention in the labour market for setting wages. The authors discuss the ways in which these measures - the new deals for lone parents and young people and the working family tax credit - address issues of child poverty and the adequacy of incomes, and how far they are disciplining devices to encourage a new moral order, supportive of family life.

The authors use regulation to explain the antecedents to current welfare developments in Britain. They show how first a Conservative and more recently "New Labour" governments have used in-work benefits so that today they have become the preferred instrument of intervention in the labor market for setting wages. The authors discuss the ways in which these measures address issues of child poverty and the adequacy of incomes, and how far they are disciplining devices to encourage a new moral order.

Drinking alcohol can be immensely pleasurable and life enhancing. On the other hand, it can be associated with dangers and risks. This book explores some of the implications of this dichotomy--which creates many policy and practice dilemmas--by a detailed exploration of the place of drinking in women's lives. Interviews and case-studies show women's drinking practice to be constructive and autonomous responses to the social and material contexts of their lives.

The probation service's venture into financial partnerships with non-statutory agencies during the 1990s was viewed both as a development opportunity for improving sevices and as a threat to professional identity and job security. Judith Rumgay studies partnership development with particular focus on programs for substance misusing offenders. She explores tensions between probation and voluntary organizations, identifies features common to successful partnerships, and compares partnership arrangements with in-house specialist projects. She argues that the partnership enterprise touches the heart of the probation service's mission in local communities.

Using case-studies from Oxford to Beijing and Chicago, Women and the City shows women constructing their lives in the urban environment, sometimes working against a system where needs are marginalized. Women are shown as community activists, homeless women, career women, patients, travelers, rock musicians, and workers. The book emphasizes women as active agents, and the contributors include women working in urban management as well as academics from diverse backgrounds.

Using case-studies from Oxford to Beijing and Chicago, Women and the City shows women constructing their lives in the urban environment, sometimes working against a system where needs are marginalized. Women are shown as community activists, homeless women, carers, patients, travellers, rock musicians and workers. The book emphasizes women as active agents, and the contributors include women working in urban management as well as academics from diverse backgrounds.

Cultures, Communities, Identities explores a wide range of cultural strategies to promote participation and empowerment in both First and Third World settings. This book starts by analyzing contemporary debates on cultures, communities, and identities, in the context of globalization. This sets the framework for the discussion of cultural strategies to combat social exclusion and to promote community participation in transformative agendas for local economic and social development. The final chapter focuses on the use of cultural strategies and new technologies across national boundaries, at the global level.

This study of children's participation in decisions about their care draws on recent work in sociology and anthropology, psychology and legal philosophy in order to understand this challenging area of social life. It also reports on original and groundbreaking research into children's views of decision-making processes. The book has important theoretical implications and important lessons for social welfare policy and practice. It will be of interest to those involved in childhood studies or in qualitative research methods, as well as in social welfare provision.

Social policy and political theory are based upon rationalist models of the human subject. Drawing particularly upon contemporary Kleinian and feminist political theory the author explores the powerful role that emotions such as love, hate and fear play in the development of the human subject. From this base the book then examines a range of contemporary issues such as employment, dependency, care and generosity, conflict and oppression which are relevant to struggles around the welfare state.

Pollution, deforestation, elimination of species, greenhouse gases and depletion of the ozone layer. These results of human activity are, as most people would agree, undesirable. But what is the value of the natural world that would be lost if the environment were destroyed or seriously degraded? This is the central question of environmental ethics and the focus of this book. It argues that to properly understand how and why nature can have value requires a radical revision of the way philosophy is understood and practised, and an equally radical restructuring of the concepts and categories upon which modern philosophy has been based.

At the heart of the green debate are a set of basic contradictions concerning beliefs and actions. This book reveals the problems associated with these contradictions, including adherence to decentralized political forms while accepting authoritarian intervention on behalf of the environment; a belief that this is the politics of the new age but in practice split between left and right; a rejection of the rationalist scientific project and a reliance on the lessons of the science of ecology.

At the heart of the green debate are a set of basic contradictions concerning beliefs and actions. This book reveals the problems associated with these contradictions, including adherence to decentralized political forms while accepting authoritarian intervention on behalf of the environment; a belief that this is the politics of the new age but in practice split between left and right; a rejection of the rationalist scientific project and a reliance on the lessons of the science of ecology.

In this work, the author argues that the focus on religious fundamentalism in ethnic conflict has obscured the ambiguous role of "mainstream" Western religion. The book examines the relationship between the religious and secular spheres at a time of rapid transition in South Africa and Northern Ireland. It analyzes the role of mainstream Protestantism as a site of struggle between competing world views. The book explains why this contest limits the potential of the church as a force for reconciliation.

Cultures, Communities, Identities explores a wide range of cultural strategies to promote participation and empowerment in both First and Third World settings. The book starts by analysing contemporary debates on cultures, communities and identities, in the context of globalization. This sets the framework for the discussion of cultural strategies to combat social exclusion and to promote community participation in transformative agendas for local economic and social development. The final chapter focuses upon the use of cultural strategies and new technologies across national boundaries, at the global level.

This study of children's participation in decisions about their care draws on recent work in sociology and anthropology, psychology and legal philosophy in order to understand this challenging area of social life. It also reports on original and groundbreaking research into children's views of decision-making processes. The book has important theoretical implications and important lessons for social welfare policy and practice. It will be of interest to those involved in childhood studies or in qualitative research methods, as well as in social welfare provision.

In Religion, Ethnicity and Social Change the author argues that the recent focus on religious fundamentalism in ethnic conflict has obscured the ambiguous role of 'mainstream' Western religion. The book examines the relationship between the religious and secular spheres at a time of rapid transition in South Africa and Northern Ireland.

The opening chapters of this book suggest that transitions in welfare capitalism can be understood in terms of shifts in dominant "corporeal" discourses. The body as a focus for power and resistance in differing welfare regimes is further explored in individual contributions on health and social care, bodily metaphors in social policy and the relationship between animal and human welfare. In highlighting the significance of the body in social policy, the book opens up a novel and potentially rich vein of academic inquiry.

Gendered Policies in Europe examines the policy process, focusing on the shifts in equal opportunities legislation towards measures to help parents combine employment and family life. The authors track the inputs of members states and pressure groups to European policy formation and analyse outputs and outcomes at national levels as they impact on gender issues in law and practice. They draw on examples of the implementation of reconciliation policies to illustrate how the policy process operates in different national contexts.

Policing Urban Poverty demonstrates that, since the nineteenth century, a core task of the police has been crime control and order maintenance, especially in poor communities. This illuminating book focuses on the policy implications of discourses on poverty and crime in America and Britain. It draws on sociological theory and extensive empirical evidence, which show that in recent history senior police policy-makers have been involved in a struggle with their political masters in determining the most judicious means to tackle urban poverty and crime.

The chapters in this book illustrate, from a number of different perspectives, the ways in which power is located and articulated through gendered negotiations and acted out within the changing and differing setting of the household. The book is divided into four sections. The first section provides a theoretical, historical and philosophical setting, whilst the following three sections provide empirical contributions which examine aspects of Gendered Care ; dimensions of Gendered Time and Space , and straddling work and home, Gendered Work, Income and Power .

The chapters in this book illustrate, from a number of different perspectives, the ways in which power is located and articulated through gendered negotiations and acted out within the changing and differing setting of the household. The book is divided into four sections. The first section provides a theoretical, historical and philosophical setting, whilst the following three sections provide empirical contributions which examine aspects of Gendered Care ; dimensions of Gendered Time and Space , and straddling work and home, Gendered Work, Income and Power .

Drawing on the writings of diverse authors, including Jean Baker Miller, bell hooks, Mary Daly, Frantz Fanon, Paulo Freire and Ignacio Martin-Baro, as well as on women's experiences, this book provides a new exploration of the feminist phrase "the personal is political." The book describes patterns associated with oppression such as sense of inferiority, self-doubt, fear, anger, shame, problems in relationships and difficulties with direct action. These are linked systematically to social conditions associated with oppression in a "cycle of oppression."