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First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
First published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
No one has done more to emphasise the significance of the land in
early modern England that Joan Thirsk, whose writings are both an
important contribution to its history and point the way for future
research. The subjects of this collection include the origin and
nature of the common fields, Tudor enclosures, the Commonwealth
confiscation of Royalist land and its subsequent return after the
Restoration, inheritance customs, and the role of industries in the
rural economy, among them stocking knitting.
No one has done more to emphasise the significance of the land in
early modern England that Joan Thirsk, whose writings are both an
important contribution to its history and point the way for future
research. The subjects of this collection include the origin and
nature of the common fields, Tudor enclosures, the Commonwealth
confiscation of Royalist land and its subsequent return after the
Restoration, inheritance customs, and the role of industries in the
rural economy, among them stocking knitting.
Volume VIII of the Agrarian History of England and Wales was first
published in 1978, and provides a technical, social and economic
history of rural England and Wales in the years 1914 1939. This
period included four years of war, during which there was a rapid
rise in prices, the post-war deflation and the depression. The
author assesses the effects of these political and economic
conditions on farming and farm workers. She describes regional
variations in patterns of farming and the changes in methods of
production by which farmers tried to reduce costs and increase
output. She also examines the extension of government control over
farming and the introduction of the marketing boards, and discusses
the development of agricultural technology. Above all, she
describes considers the conditions of life for the diminishing
numbers of farm workers.
The agrarian history of Britain begins not with the earliest
written documents but with the archaeological evidence marking the
advent of the first agriculturalists from the European continent
before 3000BC. The foundations of the farming community, which was
encountered by the Romans and the subsequent Germanic settlers,
were laid by stone-using peoples growing cereal crops and
domesticating animals, and the later development of metal
technologies enabled these peasant communities to intensify their
exploitation of the natural environment. This volume was originally
published in two parts, the first edited by Stuart Piggott and the
second by H. P. R. Finberg. Part II was actually published in 1972,
with the first following in 1981. The volume surveys, for the whole
of Britain, this evolution of the man-made landscape over the
period of some three millennia before the Roman conquest, utilising
in particular the surviving evidence in the British countryside,
unique in Europe, for the agrarian pattern of prehistoric
settlement.
This 1988 volume deals with the agrarian history of England and
Wales from the beginning of the reign of Edward the Confessor to
the outbreak of the Black Death in 1348. It divides the counties
into regions and deals with each under the headings of new
settlements, agriculture and pastoralism (crops and stock), yield
ratios and techniques (including field systems, crop nutrition and
drainage). There are also sections on the Late Saxon period,
Domesday England, wages and prices, vernacular architecture, and
the life of the people. The volume as a whole offers a detailed
description of trends, both economic and social, between 1042 and
1350 and of the complexities of an economy and society split into
many and various sub-economies and sub-societies, all very
different from one another but closely knit and interdependent.
This 1967 volume was the result of a project which originated a
decade before its publication, when scholars from eleven British
universities met under the presidency of the late R. H. Tawney and
decided to create a work of co-operative scholarship covering the
entire social and economic history of rural England and Wales from
the neolithic period to the twentieth century. This was the first
of eight volumes to appear, and deals with such topics as the
structure of farming regions, agricultural techniques, and estate
management by the crown. Based as it is on studies that span the
entire kingdom, a picture of Tudor and early Stuart England and
Wales emerges which differs at many points from the conventions of
textbooks. Full account has been taken not only of previous
scholarship, but also the national archives, while the manuscript
deposits in the various county record offices have been freely
tapped.
This book explores changes in the English diet and the specific
differences between each generation. What did ordinary people eat
and drink five hundred years ago? How much did they talk about
food? Did their eating habits change much? Our knowledge is mostly
superficial on such commonplace routines, but this book digs deep
and finds surprising answers to these questions. We learn that food
fads and fashions resembled those of our own day. Commercial,
scientific and intellectual movements were closely entwined with
changing attitudes and dealings about food. In short, food holds a
mirror to a lively world of cultural change stretching from the
Renaissance to the industrial Revolution. This book also strongly
challenges the assumption that ordinary folk ate dull and
monotonous meals.
This volume of essays in honour of Professor R. H. Hilton is
presented by some of his numerous friends and pupils. It attempts
to reflect his wide-ranging interests while highlighting certain
themes and preserving some distinct degree of unity. The essays
illustrate his abiding concern with the social structure, the rural
economy and the mentalite of the Middle Ages. They also indicate
that his interests have have always been pursued with the use of
the widest possible range of sources so that archaeological and
literary evidence are employed, as in his own work, alongside the
sources more usually familiar to social historians. This book will
be of permanent interest to all historians and particularly those
specialising in social and economic history.
What did ordinary people eat and drink five hundred years ago? How
much did they talk about food? Did their eating habits change much?
Our documents are mostly silent on such commonplace routines, but
this book digs deep and finds surprising answers to these
questions. Food fads and fashions resembled those of our own day.
Commercial, scientific and intellectual movements were closely
entwined with changing attitudes and dealings about food. In short,
food holds a mirror to a lively world of cultural change stretching
from the Renaissance to the industrial Revolution. This book also
strongly challenges the notion that ordinary folk ate dull and
monotonous meals.
People like to believe in a past golden age of traditional English countryside, before large farms, machinery, and the destruction of hedgerows changed the landscape forever. Yet crops from the past like flax, hemp, and woad, are gradually reappearing in our modern countryside, which may in the past have looked at the same time both more and less familiar than we imagine. Joan Thirsk reveals how the forces which drive our current interest in alternative forms of agriculture -- a glut of mainstream meat and cereal crops, changing eating habits, the needs of medicine -- have striking parallels with earlier periods of our history, emphasizing that we can still find solutions to todays problems in the experience of people from the past.
Chapters from The Agrarian History of England and Wales, volumes IV
and V part II, now appear for the first time in five paperback
volumes, designed primarily for a student readership. Dealing
respectively with pieces, wages, profits and rents; estate
management and the condition of the farm labourer; agricultural
techniques and enclosure; marketing; and rural building, these
studies bring together the fruits of co-operative scholarship from
authorities on the social and economic history of rural England and
Wales in the early modern period. To set each subject in context
and to update material where necessary, new introductions have been
written by the authors of each volume.
This pioneering book examines different aspects of the inheritance
customs in rural Western Europe in the pre-industrial age: for
families and whole societies, the roles of lawyers in reducing them
to a common system, and the recurring debate on the merits of
various inheritance customs in shaping particular kinds of society.
At first sight the study of inheritance customs may appear to be a
dull affair, concerned with outdated practices of hair-splitting
lawyers; certainly, little academic interest has been shown in the
subject. Yet inheritance customs are vital means for the
reproduction of the social system, by the transmission of property
and other rights through the family. Various family structures and
social arrangements are linked by different means of inheritance.
This book will interest a wide range of historians, students,
postgraduates and teachers alike, whether they are concerned with
social, economic, demographic or legal history, in the medieval,
early modern or modern periods, and whether their interests are
directed to England or other countries of Western Europe; it will
also be valuable to social anthropologists, sociologists and
historians of ideas. A comprehensive glossary of technical terms
has been added for the non-specialist.
It is possible to see the countryside around us changing as the
search for an alternative agriculture becomes more urgent
throughout Europe and America. However, this is not the first time
that these changes have occurred: agriculture has, from time to
time, undergone closely similar experiences since the
mid-fourteenth century. In this study, Dr Thirsk illuminates the
parallels between the circumstances surrounding agricultural
developments in three other historical periods (1350-1500,
1650-1750, and 1879-1939), and explains why the same key factors
are once again coming to prominence in today's society, and the
consequences of acknowledging this recurrence. This work is not
only a history of alternative agriculture, but also an alternative
history of agriculture. Its fresh perspective and European context
should alert readers to the necessity of ensuring that political
change is not made in a historical vacuum, and offers valuable
interpretations of the past as essential lessons for the present
and the future. This book is intended for students of economic and
social history, English agricultural history, and English
historical geography; students of agriculture, environmental pl
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