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This book examines the historical interactions of the West and
non-Western world, and investigates whether or not the exclusive
adoption of Western-oriented 'international norms' is the
prerequisite for the construction of international order. This book
sets out to challenge the Eurocentric foundations of modern
International Relations scholarship by examining international
relations in the early modern era, when European primacy had yet to
develop in many parts of the globe. Through a series of regional
case studies on East Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin
America, and Russia written by leading specialists of their field,
this book explores patterns of cross-cultural exchange and
civilizational encounters, placing particular emphasis upon
historical contexts. The chapters of this book document and analyse
a series of regional international orders that were primarily
defined by local interests, agendas and institutions, with European
interlopers often playing a secondary role. These perspectives
emphasize the central role of non-European agency in shaping global
history, and stand in stark contrast to conventional narratives
revolving around the 'Rise of the West', which tend to be based
upon a stylized contrast between a dynamic 'West' and a passive and
static 'East'. Focusing on a crucial period of global history that
has been neglected in the field of International Relations,
International Orders in the Early Modern World will be interest to
students and scholars of international relations, international
relations theory, international history, early modern history and
sociology.
This is the first book to explore national representations of
slavery in an international comparative perspective. Contributions
span a wide geographical range, covering Europe, North America,
West and South Africa, the Indian Ocean and Asia.
This is the first book to explore national representations of
slavery in an international comparative perspective. Contributions
span a wide geographical range, covering Europe, North America,
West and South Africa, the Indian Ocean and Asia.
This book examines the historical interactions of the West and
non-Western world, and investigates whether or not the exclusive
adoption of Western-oriented 'international norms' is the
prerequisite for the construction of international order. This book
sets out to challenge the Eurocentric foundations of modern
International Relations scholarship by examining international
relations in the early modern era, when European primacy had yet to
develop in many parts of the globe. Through a series of regional
case studies on East Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin
America, and Russia written by leading specialists of their field,
this book explores patterns of cross-cultural exchange and
civilizational encounters, placing particular emphasis upon
historical contexts. The chapters of this book document and analyse
a series of regional international orders that were primarily
defined by local interests, agendas and institutions, with European
interlopers often playing a secondary role. These perspectives
emphasize the central role of non-European agency in shaping global
history, and stand in stark contrast to conventional narratives
revolving around the 'Rise of the West', which tend to be based
upon a stylized contrast between a dynamic 'West' and a passive and
static 'East'. Focusing on a crucial period of global history that
has been neglected in the field of International Relations,
International Orders in the Early Modern World will be interest to
students and scholars of international relations, international
relations theory, international history, early modern history and
sociology.
This volume offers practical, detailed guidance and case studies on
how to avoid exacerbating inequalities while researching
gender-based violence and other related issues in Africa. Wartime
violence and its aftermath present numerous practical, ethical, and
political challenges that are especially acute for researchers
working on gender-based and sexual violence. Drawing upon applied
examples from across the African continent, this volume features
unique contributions from researchers and practitioners with
decades of experience developing research partnerships, designing
and undertaking fieldwork, asking sensitive questions, negotiating
access, collecting and evaluating information, and validating
results. These are all endeavors that also raise pressing ethical
questions, especially in relation to retraumatization, social
stigma, and even payment of participants. Ethical and
methodological questions cannot be separated from political and
institutional considerations. Systems of privilege and
marginalization cannot be wished away, so they need to be both
interrogated and contested. This is where precedents and power
relations established under colonialism and imperialism take center
stage. Europeans have been extracting valuable resources from the
African continent for centuries. Research into gender-based
violence risks being yet another extractive industry. There are
times when committed individuals can make valuable contributions to
a more equitable future, but funding streams, knowledge
hierarchies, and institutional positions continue to have powerful
effects. Accordingly, the contributors to this volume also
concentrate upon the layered effects of power and position,
relationships between researchers, organizations, and communities,
and the political economy of knowledge production; this brings into
focus questions about how and why information gets generated, for
which kinds of audiences, and for whose benefit.
This volume offers practical, detailed guidance and case studies on
how to avoid exacerbating inequalities while researching
gender-based violence and other related issues in Africa. Wartime
violence and its aftermath present numerous practical, ethical, and
political challenges that are especially acute for researchers
working on gender-based and sexual violence. Drawing upon applied
examples from across the African continent, this volume features
unique contributions from researchers and practitioners with
decades of experience developing research partnerships, designing
and undertaking fieldwork, asking sensitive questions, negotiating
access, collecting and evaluating information, and validating
results. These are all endeavors that also raise pressing ethical
questions, especially in relation to retraumatization, social
stigma, and even payment of participants. Ethical and
methodological questions cannot be separated from political and
institutional considerations. Systems of privilege and
marginalization cannot be wished away, so they need to be both
interrogated and contested. This is where precedents and power
relations established under colonialism and imperialism take center
stage. Europeans have been extracting valuable resources from the
African continent for centuries. Research into gender-based
violence risks being yet another extractive industry. There are
times when committed individuals can make valuable contributions to
a more equitable future, but funding streams, knowledge
hierarchies, and institutional positions continue to have powerful
effects. Accordingly, the contributors to this volume also
concentrate upon the layered effects of power and position,
relationships between researchers, organizations, and communities,
and the political economy of knowledge production; this brings into
focus questions about how and why information gets generated, for
which kinds of audiences, and for whose benefit.
Human mobility has long played a foundational role in producing
state territories, resources, and hierarchies. When people move
within and across national boundaries, they create both challenges
and opportunities. In Mobility Makes States, chapters written by
historians, political scientists, sociologists, and anthropologists
explore different patterns of mobility in sub-Saharan Africa and
how African states have sought to harness these movements toward
their own ends. While border control and intercontinental migration
policies remain important topics of study, Mobility Makes States
demonstrates that immigration control is best understood alongside
parallel efforts by states in Africa to promote both long-distance
and everyday movements. The contributors challenge the image of a
fixed and static state that is concerned only with stopping foreign
migrants at its border, and show that the politics of mobility
takes place across a wide range of locations, including colonial
hinterlands, workplaces, camps, foreign countries, and city
streets. They examine short-term and circular migrations, everyday
commuting and urban expansion, forced migrations, emigrations,
diasporic communities, and the mobility of gatekeepers and officers
of the state who push and pull migrant populations in different
directions. Through the experiences and trajectories of migration
in sub-Saharan Africa, this empirically rich volume sheds new light
on larger global patterns and state making processes. Contributors:
Eric Allina, Oliver Bakewell, Pamila Gupta, Nauja Kleist, Loren B.
Landau, Joel Quirk, Benedetta Rossi, Filipa Ribeiro da Silva, Simon
Turner, Darshan Vigneswaran.
It is commonly assumed that slavery came to an end in the
nineteenth century. While slavery in the Americas officially ended
in 1888, millions of slaves remained in bondage across Africa,
Asia, and the Middle East well into the first half of the twentieth
century. Wherever laws against slavery were introduced, governments
found ways of continuing similar forms of coercion and
exploitation, such as forced, bonded, and indentured labor. Every
country in the world has now abolished slavery, yet millions of
people continue to find themselves subject to contemporary forms of
slavery, such as human trafficking, wartime enslavement, and the
worst forms of child labor. "The Anti-Slavery Project: From the
Slave Trade to Human Trafficking" offers an innovative study in the
attempt to understand and eradicate these ongoing human rights
abuses.In "The Anti-Slavery Project," historian and human rights
expert Joel Quirk examines the evolution of political opposition to
slavery from the mid-eighteenth century to the present day.
Beginning with the abolitionist movement in the British Empire,
Quirk analyzes the philosophical, economic, and cultural shifts
that eventually resulted in the legal abolition of slavery. By
viewing the legal abolition of slavery as a cautious first
step--rather than the end of the story--he demonstrates that modern
anti-slavery activism can be best understood as the latest phase in
an evolving response to the historical shortcomings of earlier
forms of political activism.By exposing the historical and cultural
roots of contemporary slavery, "The Anti-Slavery Project" presents
an original diagnosis of the underlying causes driving one of the
most pressing human rights problems in the world today. It offers
valuable insights for historians, political scientists, policy
makers, and activists seeking to combat slavery in all its
forms.
This volume brings together a cast of leading experts to carefully
explore how the history and iconography of slavery has been invoked
to support a series of government interventions, activist projects,
legal instruments, and rhetorical performances. However
well-intentioned these interventions might be, they nonetheless
remain subject to a host of limitations and complications. Recent
efforts to combat contemporary slavery are too often
sensationalist, self-serving, and superficial and, therefore, end
up failing the crucial test of speaking truth to power. The widely
held notion that antislavery is one of those rare issues that
"transcends" politics or ideology is only sustainable because the
underlying issues at stake have been constructed and demarcated in
a way that minimizes direct challenges to dominant political and
economic interests. This must change. By providing an original
approach to the underlying issues at stake, Contemporary Slavery
will help readers understand the political practices that have been
concealed beneath the popular rhetoric and establishes new
conversations between scholars of slavery and trafficking and
scholars of human rights and social movements. Contributors: Jean
Allain, Jonathan Blagbrough, Roy Brooks, Annie Bunting, Austin
Choi-Fitzpatrick, Andrew Crane, Rhoda Howard-Hassmann, Fuyuki
Kurasawa, Benjamin Lawrance, Joel Quirk, and Darshan Vigneswaran
Contemporary slavery has emerged as a source of fascination and a
spur to political mobilization. This volume brings together experts
to carefully explore how the language of slavery has been invoked
to support a series of government interventions, activist projects,
legal instruments, and rhetorical and visual performances. However
well-intentioned these interventions might be, they remain subject
to a host of limitations and complications. Recent efforts to
combat slavery are too often sensationalist, self-serving, and
superficial and end up failing the test of speaking truth to power.
Bringing about lasting change will require direct challenges to
dominant political and economic interests.
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