The contributions to this volume are drawn from the interdisciplinary research c- ried out within the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB 378), a special long-term funding scheme of the German National Science Foundation (DFG). Sonderforschungsbe- ich 378 was situated at Saarland University, with colleagues from arti?cial intel- gence, computational linguistics, computer science, philosophy, psychology - and in its ?nal phases - cognitive neuroscience and psycholinguistics. The funding covered a period of 12 years, which was split into four phases of 3 years each, ending in December of 2007. Every sub-period culminated in an intensive reviewing process, comprising written reports as well as on-site p- sentations and demonstrations to the external reviewers. We are most grateful to these reviewers for their extensive support and critical feedback; they contributed 1 their time and labor freely to the DFG, the independent and self-organized ins- tution of German scientists. The ?nal evaluation of the DFG reviewers judged the overall performance and the actual work with the highest possible mark, i.e. "excellent".

The contributions to this volume are drawn from the interdisciplinary research c- ried out within the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB 378), a special long-term funding scheme of the German National Science Foundation (DFG). Sonderforschungsbe- ich 378 was situated at Saarland University, with colleagues from arti?cial intel- gence, computational linguistics, computer science, philosophy, psychology - and in its ?nal phases - cognitive neuroscience and psycholinguistics. The funding covered a period of 12 years, which was split into four phases of 3 years each, ending in December of 2007. Every sub-period culminated in an intensive reviewing process, comprising written reports as well as on-site p- sentations and demonstrations to the external reviewers. We are most grateful to these reviewers for their extensive support and critical feedback; they contributed 1 their time and labor freely to the DFG, the independent and self-organized ins- tution of German scientists. The ?nal evaluation of the DFG reviewers judged the overall performance and the actual work with the highest possible mark, i.e. "excellent".

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2007, held in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2007. The 42 revised full papers and 28 revised short papers presented together with five invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers provide new ideas and report research results in the broad areas of knowledge science, knowledge engineering, and knowledge management.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Joint Chinese-German Workshop on Cognitive Systems held in Shanghai in March 2005.

The 13 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions for inclusion in the book. The workshop served to present the current state of the art in the new transdiscipline of cognitive systems, which is emerging from computer science, the neurosciences, computational linguistics, neurological networks and the new philosophy of mind. The papers are organized in topical sections on multimodal human-computer interfaces, neuropsychology and neurocomputing, Chinese-German natural language processing and psycholinguistics, as well as information processing and retrieval from the semantic Web for intelligent applications.

Die erste Fachtagung KunstZiche InteZZigenz der Gesellschaft fur Informatik (wenngleich bereits der funfte Workshop zu diesem Thema in Deutschland) wurde vorn 26. 1. bis 30. 1. 1981 im Physikzentrum in Badffixmef abgehalten. Damit wird nach fast funfundzwanzigjahriger Verspatung [1] auch bei uns langsam ein Gebiet salonfahig, das zum Schaden der deut- schen Informatik bisher vernachlassigt wurde und das in den USA (und anderen Landern) bereits seit langem unter dem Namen "Artificial Intelligence" zu den Kernfachern der Informatik gehort [2]. Die Tagung wurde gepragt durch den Wechsel von eingeladenen Hauptvor- tragen von jeweils einstundiger Dauer mit anschliessender halbstundiger Diskussion und den speziellen Fachvortragen von jeweils halbstundiger Redezeit. Die Hauptvortrage (HV) geben auch in etwa die Forschungsschwerpunkte wieder, durch die die KunstZiche InteZZigenz in Deutschland vertreten ist: W. Radig (Harnburg) gibt in seinem HV "Modelle und Strukturen in der Bildverarbeitung" einen Uberblick uber die Forschung auf dem Gebiet Computersehen. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich dabei besonders auf die Aspekte, die uber das traditionelle "pattern recognition" hinausgehen und steht damit in engem Zusammenhang mit dem zweiten HV: J. Foith (Karlsruht:) "Roboterforschung: Von Spielzeugwelten zur industriellen Anwendung". Dieser Beitrag durfte besonders fur Leser aus der Industrie von Interesse sein. Beide Gebiete demonstrieren besonders anschaulich, mit welchem Tempo der Verlust wissenscha[tZicher Konkurrenzfahigkeit zum Verlust industrieZZer Wettbewerbs fahigkeit fuhren kann: die Grund- lagenforschung wurde vor ca. 10 Jahren in den USA begonnen [3] und von der deutschen Informatik weitgehend ignoriert.

Hilbert and Bernays' 'Grundlagen der Mathematik'appeared in two volumes in 1934 and 1939, asecond edition in 1968 and 1970. It offers afoundation for proof theory and is a major source onDavid Hilbert's formalist programme, Paul Bernays'philosophy, the epsilon operator, and much more.It has been a profound infl uence on mathematics, logic, and philosophy, and it covers formal groundand philosophical perspectives beyond the scope ofWhitehead and Russell's 'Principia Mathematica' andFrege's 'Grundlagen der Arithmetik'.This book is not only essential to any scholar of thehistory and philosophy of modern mathematics, but italso contains formal research - on the epsilon and iotaoperators - of contemporary relevance to logicians, mathematicians and computer science. For us, it isone of the most fascinating books ever written.This a bilingual German-English, commented editionof the 'Grundlagen'. It is the fi rst English publicationof these texts and shows the facsimile of the Germanoriginal text on the left-hand side of a double page, and its English translation on the right-hand side.In addition to extensive comments on the historyand the interpretation of the text's mathematicaland philosophical content, there are also carefulannotations regarding the differences between thetwo German editions (1934/39,1968/1970) of thistwo volume monograph.

Reasoning in Simple Type Theory is a collection of papers that includes reprints of eight seminal papers in this area as well as thirteen new contributed articles. For the reprints we have chosen a paper by Alonzo Church (introducing his simple theory of types), a paper by Leon Henkin (proving completeness of Church's type theory relative to Henkin's semantics) and some of the most important papers by Peter Andrews. The new articles were contributed by Peter Andrews and his students and collaborators as well as a number of researchers his work has influenced. The volume intends to show the historical development of this important area of formal reasoning up to its current state of art and appears in honor of Peter Andrews on his 70th birthday.