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The 18th century was also known as the Pedagogical Century. In
1774, Dessau saw philanthropists founding the first reformed school
dedicated to the principles of the Enlightenment. The
philanthropists revolutionised teaching by designing a
child-centred learning strategy. They no longer wished to impart
the learning of scholars but to provide practical vocational
knowledge for future citizens. All subsequent movements for
educational reform in Germany referred to this first comprehensive
experimental school developed by the educationalists of the German
Enlightenment.
Research on the subject to date has largely interpreted the
paradigmatic shift in late-Enlightenment anthropology (approx.
1750-1800) as a unified process, and has discussed the various
fields of study in isolation. The present volume takes a different
course. It insists on the close connection between constructivist
and subject-related logic in anthropology, and interprets it in
terms of a process of increasing differentiation within the contest
between the rival views of man as a physical and moral animal. The
various articles discuss the following topics and/or interpretive
procedures: the relationship between soma and pneuma; the
self-generation of man in the process of natural history;
anthropology and the genesis of civilization; empiricism as an
anthropological form of epistemology; anthropology and utopia;
fictional anthropology as an epistemological approach; philosophy,
science, and myth.
In various disciplines, the idea of a 'history of concepts' sparked
off innovative research processes after 1945. By contrast, the
subject of 'language and the law' harks back to a much older
tradition. With reference to the Age of Enlightenment the present
volume tests the appositeness of these two approaches by applying
them to a number of different issues: problems of terminology in
Wolff, Mendelssohn and Kant; the emergence of special languages in
Leibniz; legal language and lexicography; the (linguistic)
treatment of minorities; legal writing and hermeneutics in the 18th
century; enlightened tendencies in legal language; literary
transpositions of legal terminologies. The volume sets out to
achieve a synthesis between methodological innovation and concrete
analysis of source material.
Unlike the globetrotter and revolutionary Georg Forster
(1754-1794), Forster as an author and theoretician of perception
and description is altogether less well-known. The volume brings
together studies on various categories of Forster's work examined
for the light they cast on the question of the acquisition of
'reality' by way of 'experience', 'intelligence', 'ideas', 'images'
and 'total impressions' and taking place in the tensions obtaining
between perception and the construction of possibility. Concrete
text analysis and a determination of the effects intended by the
author and the methods he employed as a 'social writer' present
Forster in a new light.
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