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This book addresses earthquakes, with a special focus on the Ghorka
earthquake, which struck parts of central Nepal in April 2015.
Drawing on this disastrous event, it closely examines various
aspects of earthquakes in contributions prepared by international
experts. The topics covered include: the geological and geophysical
background of seismicity; a detailed inventory of the damage done
by the earthquake; effective damage prevention through
earthquake-safe buildings and settlements; restoration options for
world-heritage buildings; strategies for providing technical and
medical relief and, lastly, questions associated with public life
and economy in a high-risk seismic zone. Combining perspectives
from various fields, the book presents the state of the art in all
earthquake-related fields and outlines future approaches to risk
identification, damage prevention, and disaster management in all
parts of society, administration, and politics in Nepal. Beyond the
specific disaster in Nepal, the findings presented here will have
broader implications for how societies can best deal with
disasters.
Fractal geometry allows the description of natural patterns and the
establishment and testing of models of pattern formation. In
particular, it is a tool for geoscientists. The aim of this volume
is to give an overview of the applications of fractal geometry and
the theory of dynamic systems in the geosciences. The state of the
art is presented and the reader obtains an impression of the
variety of fields for which fractal geometry is a useful tool and
of the different methods of fractal geometry which can be applied.
In addition to specific information about new applications of
fractal geometry in structural geology, physics of the solid earth,
and mineralogy, proposals and ideas about how fractal geometry can
be applied in the reader's field of studies will be put forward.
Concepts and methods of fractal geometry penetrate various branches
of human knowledge to an increasing degree. This tendency is
particularly striking in the geosciences, because many processes
occurring in and on the Earth result in time dependences and
spatial patterns that have a fractal character. The contributions
in this volume arose from the "3rd International Symposium on
Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geosciences," held at Stara Lesna,
Slovakia in June, 1997. The volume contains new ideas and
applications of fractal geometry in such diverse branches of
geoscience as engineering geology, the physics of the lithosphere
(including faulting, seismicity, and fluid flow), and climate
behavior.
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