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A group of geoscientists from a number of NATO countries met under
NATO sponsorship in Copenhagen on February 27 and 28, 1978, and
formulated a proposal entitled "EVOLUTION OF THE GREENLAND
ICELAND-FAEROE-SCOTLAND RIDGE, A KEY AREA IN MARINE GEOSCIENCE".
This part of the North Atlantic Ocean is of particular interest
because of its anomalously shallow bathymetry which has profoundly
influenced many aspects of the evolution of the North Atlantic. The
proposed investigations therefore aim to study the deep crustal
structure including relationship of continental and oceanic crust,
history of subsidence of the ridge including its past role as a
land bridge, age of the oceanic basement along it and its history
of formation, and the influence of the ridge on Tertiary and
Quaternary depositional palaeoenvironments. In furtherance of this
proposal, it is intended to carry out a series of seismic and
drilling operations on the Ridge during the coming years. These
major marine investigations will be mainly funded from national
sources. An important preliminary stage to the project is the
collec tion and synthesis of available data. NATO has already
approved a small budget for this purpose which has enabled a
geoscientist to work partly at the Department of Geological
Sciences of Durham University, UK, and partly at Lamont-Doherty
Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, USA, for
about six months to compile the data. The most important map
showing magnetic anomalies and lineations in the area, is included
in a pocket at the back of this volume.
NATO Advanced Research Institutes are designed to explore unre-
solved problems. By focusing complementary expertise from various
disciplines onto one unifying theme, they approach old problems in
new ways. In line with this goal of the NATO Science Committee, and
with substantial support from the u.s. Office of Naval Research and
the Seabed Assessment Program of the u.s. National Science Founda-
tion, such a Research Institute on the theme of Coastal Qpw!llinq
and Its Sediment Record was held September 1-4, 1981, in Vilamoura,
Portuqal. The theme implies a modification of uniformitarian
thinking in earth science. Expectations were directed not so much
towards find- ing the key to the past as towards explorinq the
limits of interpret- inq the past based on present upwelling
oceanography. Coastal up- wellinq and its imprint on sediments are
particularly well-suited for such a scientific inquiry. The oceanic
processes and conditions characteristic of upwelling are well
understood and are a well- packaqed representation of ocean science
that are familiar to qeolo- gists, just as the maqnitude of
bioproduction and sedimentation in upwellinq reqimes --among other
bioloqical and geoloqical processes-- have made oceanographers
realize that the bottom has a feedback role for their models.
NATO Advanced Research Institutes are designed to explore unre
solved problems. By focusing complementary expertise from various
disciplines onto one unifying theme, they approach old problems in
new ways. In line with this goal of the NATO Science Committee, and
with substantial support from the u.s. Office of Naval Research and
the Seabed Assessment Program of the U. S. National Science Founda
tion, such a Research Institute on the theme of Coastal Upwelling
and Its Sediment Record was held september 1-4, 1981, in Vilamoura,
Portugal. The theme implies a modification of uniformitarian
thinking in earth science. Expectations were directed not so much
towards find ing the key to the past as towards exploring the
limits of interpret ing the past based on present upwelling
oceanography. Coastal up welling and its imprint on sediments are
particularly well-suited for such a scientific inquiry. The oceanic
processes and conditions characteristic of upwelling are well
understood and are a well packaged representation of ocean science
that are familiar to geolo gists, just as the magnitude of
bioproduction and sedimentation in upwelling regimes --among other
biological and geological processes- have made oceanographers
realize that the bottom has a feedback role for their models.
The Arctic and its surrounding marginal seas are considered some of
the most sensitive elements of the global environment, which may
respond rapidly to climate change. However, due to various reasons,
our knowledge of the processes which drive the Arctic system today
and in the past is still relatively sparse. Based on a
multidisciplinary approach, German and Russian scientists describe
in this book the natural paleorecords and modern data which were
collected over the past 6 years. These marine and terrestrial
datasets provide important new insights into the causes, impacts,
and feedback mechanisms of this extreme Arctic environment.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Bremen,
Germany, October 10-14, 1988
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Bremen,
Germany, October 10-14, 1988
This Encyclopedia comprises the current knowledge in marine
geosciences whereby not only basic but also applied and technical
sciences are covered. Through this concept a broad scale of users
in the field of marine sciences and techniques is addressed, from
students and scholars in academia to engineers and decision makers
in industry and politics. Globally growing demand of energy and
mineral resources, reliable future projection of climate processes
and the protection of coasts to mitigate the threats of disasters
and hazards require a comprehensive understanding of the structure,
ongoing processes and genesis of the marine geosphere. Beyond the
"classical" research fields in marine geology in current time more
general concepts have been evolved integrating marine geophysics,
hydrography, marine biology, climatology and ecology. As an
umbrella the term "marine geosciences" has been broadly accepted
for this new complex field of research and the solutions of
practical tasks in the marine realm.
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