This edited book is an in-depth compilation of recent tools and techniques, concepts and strategies used globally in plant molecular farming (PMF) for the cost-effective bulk production of recombinant proteins, secondary metabolites, and other biomolecules. The book presents an overview of success stories of PMF applications from developing countries to address poverty, achieve zero hunger, good health and well-being, thus achieving the UN SDGs 1, 2, and 3. The book deep dives into recent extraction and downstream processing methodologies, its co-existence with conventional agriculture, global governance and finally opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives in plant molecular farming. It focuses on plastid/chloroplast transformation (transplastomics) and its application in plant molecular farming. The books highlight recent advances in genome editing, synthetic biology, glycosylation and glyco-engineering for improved plant molecular farming by marker-free and tissue-specific systems via cisgenic and transgenic crops. In depth discussions on biosafety issues and bio-containment strategies have also been included. The book has 15 chapters authored by globally leading experts on the subject, presenting opportunities & challenges for bio-industrial researchers and entrepreneurs. It is useful to researchers, industrialists, entrepreneurs, policy planners, academician, and students across the disciplines.