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First published in 1997 in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union
and its agricultural policies, these editors presented a series of
ten related articles on the transition to post-communist, more
privatised agricultural policies, each specialising in a specific
region of Central and Eastern Europe. Resulting from a research
network, this volume features a range of contributors, including
those preparing PhDs, former governmental advisors and specialists
in agricultural economics, food policy and statistics. The chapters
cover Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Eastern Germany,
Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Solvenia, and the Former Soviet Union,
along with a comparative analysis. The contributors focus on three
key issues of reform: the collection of detailed data, the
collection of information on factors influencing the progress and
completion of reform and explaining the results of privatisation
and land reform, with a particular emphasis on the first two
elements. This volume is well-suited to policy makers, analysists
and researchers.
First published in 1997, this volume responds to the challenges
faced in post-Communist Eastern Europe in the privatization and
decollectivisation of agriculture. The contributors feature
specialists in agriculture, finance, economics and political
science. They begin with discussions on the political economy of
privatization and a historical overview and continue with thoughts
on agricultural decollectivization in twelve countries across
Eastern Europe including Albania, the Baltic countries, Bulgaria,
Slovakia and Hungary. The project reflects the basic framework of
endogenous institutional change and policy analysis, and uses a
political economy framework to explain and interpret these
agricultural trends.
After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the
European institutions reached an agreement in 2013 on the Common
Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the 2014-2020 period. The outcome has
major implications for the EU's budget and farmers' incomes, but
also for Europe's environment, its contribution to global climate
change and to food security in the EU and in the world. It was
decided to spend more than EURO400 billion during the rest of the
decade on the CAP. The official claims are that the new CAP will
take better account of society's expectations and lead to
far-reaching changes by making subsidies fairer and 'greener' and
making the CAP more efficient. It is also asserted that the CAP
will play a key part in achieving the overall objective of
promoting smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. However, there
is significant scepticism about these claims and disappointment
with the outcome of the decision-making, the first in which the
European Parliament was involved under the co-decision procedure.
In contrast to earlier reforms where more substantive changes were
made to the CAP, the factors that induced the policy discussions in
2008-13 and those that influenced the decision-making did not
reinforce each other. On the contrary, they sometimes counteracted
one another, yielding an 'imperfect storm' as it were, resulting in
more status quo and fewer changes. This book discusses the outcome
of the decision-making and the factors that influenced the policy
choices and decisions. It brings together contributions from
leading academics from various disciplines and policy-makers, and
key participants in the process from the European Commission and
the European Parliament.
First published in 1997 in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union
and its agricultural policies, these editors presented a series of
ten related articles on the transition to post-communist, more
privatised agricultural policies, each specialising in a specific
region of Central and Eastern Europe. Resulting from a research
network, this volume features a range of contributors, including
those preparing PhDs, former governmental advisors and specialists
in agricultural economics, food policy and statistics. The chapters
cover Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Eastern Germany,
Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Solvenia, and the Former Soviet Union,
along with a comparative analysis. The contributors focus on three
key issues of reform: the collection of detailed data, the
collection of information on factors influencing the progress and
completion of reform and explaining the results of privatisation
and land reform, with a particular emphasis on the first two
elements. This volume is well-suited to policy makers, analysists
and researchers.
First published in 1997, this volume responds to the challenges
faced in post-Communist Eastern Europe in the privatization and
decollectivisation of agriculture. The contributors feature
specialists in agriculture, finance, economics and political
science. They begin with discussions on the political economy of
privatization and a historical overview and continue with thoughts
on agricultural decollectivization in twelve countries across
Eastern Europe including Albania, the Baltic countries, Bulgaria,
Slovakia and Hungary. The project reflects the basic framework of
endogenous institutional change and policy analysis, and uses a
political economy framework to explain and interpret these
agricultural trends.
Beer has been consumed across the globe for centuries and was the
drink of choice in many ancient societies. Today it is the most
important alcoholic drink worldwide, in terms of volume and value.
The largest brewing companies have developed into global
multinationals, and the beer market has enjoyed strong growth in
emerging economies, but there has been a substantial decline of
beer consumption in traditional markets and a shift to new
products. There is close interaction between governments and
markets in the beer industry. For centuries, taxes on beer or its
raw materials have been a major source of tax revenue and
governments have regulated the beer industry for reasons related to
quality, health, and competition. This book is the first economic
analysis of the beer market and brewing industry. The introduction
provides an economic history of beer, from monasteries in the early
Middle Ages to the recent 'microbrewery movement', whilst other
chapters consider whether people drink more beer during recessions,
the effect of television on local breweries, and what makes a
country a 'beer drinking' nation. It comprises a comprehensive and
unique set of economic research and analysis on the economics of
beer and brewing and covers economic history and development,
supply and demand, trade and investment, geography and scale
economies, technology and innovation, health and nutrition,
quantity and quality, industrial organization and competition,
taxation and regulation, and regional beer market developments.
The emergence of China as a global economic powerhouse, the
uncertain path of Russia towards a market economy, and the
integration of ten Central and Eastern European countries into the
European Union (EU) have occupied the minds and agendas of many
policy-makers, business leaders and scholars from around the world
at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first
century. Twenty years ago these developments were unimaginable. The
impact of these changes is so vast that the importance of
understanding the forces that unleashed this process, how these
changes became possible, and what the lessons are for other
developing countries, cannot be overestimated. This book is the
first effort to analyze the economics and politics of agricultural
reforms by comparing the reform processes, their causes and their
effects across this vast region. The authors draw on a vast set of
studies and new data, which compare reforms and economic impacts in
more than 25 countries, to come up with a series of conclusions and
implications on the role of economic reforms in growth, and the
importance of initial conditions and political constraints in
explaining the choices that were made and their effects. The book
analyzes some of the most successful sets of agricultural policies
in history that have lifted people out of poverty, raising
productivity and incomes by staggering amounts. At the same time
the book explains the reasons behind dramatic failures in policy
processes and reforms that caused hunger, poverty and which had
devastating effects on economic growth and development for millions
of other people.
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