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How did Costa Rica become Central America's first successful
democracy? How does Costa Rican democracy work? How does democracy
survive despite regional turmoil, foreign intervention, and
economic crisis? Beginning with Costa Rica's history within the
Central American context, John Booth traces democratic development
in Costa Rica through its insti
In this second, revised and updated edition, Dr. Booth assesses the
performance of the revolutionary government since 1979. The
structure and operation of the regime is closely examined, as well
as its policies and their implementation. The author details the
difficulties the Sandinistas have encountered with the breakdown of
their revolutionary coalition and the emergence of domestic and
external opposition. He also discusses the difficulty of achieving
economic recovery due to the effects of economic reorganization,
private sector fears, and external economic sanctions. Finally, Dr.
Booth focuses on the foreign policy of the Sandinistas, in
particular their increasingly tense relationship with the United
States.
This book presents research, analysis, and reflections on the major
issues of Guatemalan development and democracy: the role of the
military, the involvement of Mayan communities in national
development, the possible emergence of more inclusive political
institutions and the roles of international forces and agencies in
Guatemalan social change. The chapters in this book are written by
some of the most prominent scholars and public policy experts from
Guatemala and the United States.
In this second, revised and updated edition, Dr. Booth assesses the
performance of the revolutionary government since 1979. The
structure and operation of the regime is closely examined, as well
as its policies and their implementation. The author details the
difficulties the Sandinistas have encountered with the breakdown of
their revolutionary coalition and the emergence of domestic and
external opposition. He also discusses the difficulty of achieving
economic recovery due to the effects of economic reorganization,
private sector fears, and external economic sanctions. Finally, Dr.
Booth focuses on the foreign policy of the Sandinistas, in
particular their increasingly tense relationship with the United
States.
For a brief period, revolution in Nicaragua dominated the news. But
what has happened since the 1979 insurrection that toppled the
government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle? And what does this mean for
Nicaragua's future? This book provides an up-to-date view of the
radical social and political changes that are occurring in these
first few years of go
In this seventh edition, John A. Booth, Christine J. Wade, and
Thomas W. Walker update a classic in the field which invites
students to explore the histories, economies, and politics of Costa
Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Covering the
region's political and economic development from the early 1800s
onward, the authors bring the Central American story up to date.
New to the 7th Edition: Analysis of trends in human rights
performance, political violence, and evolution of regime types;
Updated findings from surveys to examine levels of political
participation and support for democratic norms among Central
Americans; Historical and current-era material on indigenous
peoples and other racial minorities; Discussion of popular
attitudes toward political rights for homosexuals, and LGBTQ access
to public services; Discussion of women's rights and access to
reproductive health services, and women's integration into elective
offices; Tracing evolving party systems, national elections, and US
policy toward the region under the Obama and Trump administrations;
Central America's international concerns including Venezuela's
shrinking role as an alternative source of foreign aid and
antagonist to US policy in the region, and migration among and
through Central American nations. Understanding Central America is
an ideal text for all students of Latin American politics and is
highly recommended for courses on Central American politics, social
systems, and history.
How did Costa Rica become Central America's first successful
democracy? How does Costa Rican democracy work? How does democracy
survive despite regional turmoil, foreign intervention, and
economic crisis? Beginning with Costa Rica's history within the
Central American context, John Booth traces democratic development
in Costa Rica through its institutions, rules of the political
game, parties, elections, and interest groups. After a review of
socioeconomic and political forces, the author examines political
participation and culture, political economy, and foreign affairs.
Several democratization theories suggest that Costa Rica should not
be democratic at all. Costa Rica's own myth portrays a nation
democratic virtually since independence. Both are wrong. Booth
reviews classical theories about democracy as a framework for
understanding the Costa Rican case. A history of democratization
debunks much of the foundation myth, revealing how developing class
forces created the modern regime after the 1948 Civil War. Analyses
of social structure, political participation, political culture,
foreign affairs, and the recent transformation of the Costa Rican
political-economic model reveal how regional unrest, foreign
intervention, and economic crisis had transformed the state and its
development model by the 1990s. Booth concludes by evaluating the
prospects for Costa Rican democracy and its lessons for the rest of
Latin America. The book's overview of Costa Rican politics is
accessible and useful for students, scholars, and general readers.
In this seventh edition, John A. Booth, Christine J. Wade, and
Thomas W. Walker update a classic in the field which invites
students to explore the histories, economies, and politics of Costa
Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Covering the
region's political and economic development from the early 1800s
onward, the authors bring the Central American story up to date.
New to the 7th Edition: Analysis of trends in human rights
performance, political violence, and evolution of regime types;
Updated findings from surveys to examine levels of political
participation and support for democratic norms among Central
Americans; Historical and current-era material on indigenous
peoples and other racial minorities; Discussion of popular
attitudes toward political rights for homosexuals, and LGBTQ access
to public services; Discussion of women's rights and access to
reproductive health services, and women's integration into elective
offices; Tracing evolving party systems, national elections, and US
policy toward the region under the Obama and Trump administrations;
Central America's international concerns including Venezuela's
shrinking role as an alternative source of foreign aid and
antagonist to US policy in the region, and migration among and
through Central American nations. Understanding Central America is
an ideal text for all students of Latin American politics and is
highly recommended for courses on Central American politics, social
systems, and history.
The thirteen original essays in this collection evaluate the role
of elections in the development of democracy in the nations of
Central America: Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Nicaragua, and Panama. Exploring the region's transformation over
the last fifteen years from dictatorial to electoral rule, this
volume of new essays is a major expansion and reworking of
Elections and Democracy in Central America , published by the UNC
Press in 1989. The essays reevaluate the status of democratization
in each country over the last six years, including the transition
to civilian rule in Panama. In addition to the country-by-country
analysis, the book includes topical chapters on comparative voting
behavior, the impact of outside election observers, and the roles
of foreign actors and elites in the election process. Although the
contributors express skepticism about the prospects for some
countries to consolidate democracy, they are, on the whole,
optimistic about Central America's democratic future. |A updated
edition of the classic guide to the trails along the Blue Ridge
Parkway. Veteran hiker Leonard Adkins has added new trails and
updated descriptions and details for many other trails. He includes
hikes and walks for every skill and interest level, from
five-minute ""leg-stretchers"" to overnight outings.
Latin American Political Culture: Public Opinion and Democracy
presents a genuinely pan-Latin American examination of the region's
contemporary political culture. This is the only book to
extensively investigate the attitudes and behaviors of Latin
Americans based on the Latin American Public Opinion Project's
(LAPOP) AmericasBarometer surveys. Through its analysis of data on
eighteen countries, the book systematically and comparatively
evaluates norms, attitudes, and opinions concerning democracy and
its consolidation. Beginning with an introduction of political
culture and its scholarship, it examines democratic and
authoritarian norms, explores how citizens relate to the political
world, and considers implications for democratic stability. It then
examines key behavioral outcomes in politics, such as in attitudes
toward gays and fear of crime, and how political culture changes
over time. Case studies highlight how these factors come together
in particular cases. The findings reveal a complex Latin America
with distinct political cultures. This book joins rigorous analysis
with clear graphic presentation and extensive examples. Readers
learn about public opinion research, engage with further questions
for analysis, and have access to data, an expansive bibliography,
and links to appendices.
Political scientists for more than two decades have worried about
declining levels of citizens support for their regimes
(legitimacy), but have failed to empirically link this decline to
the survival or breakdown of democracy. This apparent paradox is
the legitimacy puzzle, which this book addresses by examining
political legitimacy s structure, sources, and effects. With
exhaustive empirical analysis of high-quality survey data from
eight Latin American nations, it confirms that legitimacy exists as
multiple, distinct dimensions. It finds that one s position in
society, education, knowledge, information, and experiences shape
legitimacy norms. Contrary to expectations, however, citizens who
are unhappy with their government s performance do not drop out of
politics or resort mainly to destabilizing protest. Rather, the
disaffected citizens of these Latin American democracies
participate at high rates in conventional politics and in such
alternative arenas as communal improvement and civil society. And
despite regime performance problems, citizen support for democracy
remains high. These findings resolve the puzzle citizen actions and
values, even among the disaffected, likely strengthen rather than
weaken democratic governments.
Political scientists for more than two decades have worried about
declining levels of citizens support for their regimes
(legitimacy), but have failed to empirically link this decline to
the survival or breakdown of democracy. This apparent paradox is
the legitimacy puzzle, which this book addresses by examining
political legitimacy s structure, sources, and effects. With
exhaustive empirical analysis of high-quality survey data from
eight Latin American nations, it confirms that legitimacy exists as
multiple, distinct dimensions. It finds that one s position in
society, education, knowledge, information, and experiences shape
legitimacy norms. Contrary to expectations, however, citizens who
are unhappy with their government s performance do not drop out of
politics or resort mainly to destabilizing protest. Rather, the
disaffected citizens of these Latin American democracies
participate at high rates in conventional politics and in such
alternative arenas as communal improvement and civil society. And
despite regime performance problems, citizen support for democracy
remains high. These findings resolve the puzzle citizen actions and
values, even among the disaffected, likely strengthen rather than
weaken democratic governments.
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